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UNION SAVINGS BANK, 

OF SARATOGA SPRINGS. 

Interest begins on all deposits on the first day o 
each month. 

isro t.a_:x::es 

Dividends first day of May and November, Deposit: 
received at cither the 

FIRST NATIONAL BANK, 



COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK, 

In Saratoga Springs, from 9 o'clock A. M. to 
3 o'clock P. M. 

OFPICEES. 

JOHN S. LEAKE, President. 

STEPHEN Jl. RICHARDS, Sec'y and Treas. 

TBTJSTEES. 
Charles s. Lester. James M Marvin. 

John S. Leake. Stephen H. Richards. 

William Bennett. Seymour Ainsworth. 

Walter J. Hendrii k, John c. Hulbert. 

( DRNELltfS SHEEAN. 

This Bank is conducted on the most conservative prin- 
ciples. No promises of high rates of interest will be 
made, and no other allurement held out to depositors, not 
consistent with the 

UTMOST JS-A.^IE.X'Y 

Of the funds entrusted to its care. On this basis, they may 
rely upon the most liberal treatment, and much better 
results than generally follow the high-sounding promises 
oi those who possess more zeal than discretion or expert- 
en 1 e, and who would turn the honored Savings Bank into 
a borrowing machine, instead of preserving its solid 
character as the 

Trusted Depositary of t/te People's Money. 



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HOW TO SEE IT! 



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VIEW OF CONKLING'S REAL ESTATE OFFICE. A PHOTO. BY STERRY. 



SARATOGA, 



:hiow to sieie it. 

CONTAINING A 

DESCRIPTION OF THE WATERING PLACE, 



% f wate on its pimral springs, 
By DR. R. F. DEARBORN. 



The Lord hath created medicines out of the earth, and he that Is 
wise will not ahhor them." 



Published Annually. 



ALBANY: 

ns & ( 

1873. 



£• « 



i r v( 






271 



Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1873, 

By R. F. DEARBORN, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY, 

PRINTERS AND STEREOTYPERS, 

ALBANY, N. Y. 





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vvi 1 nUKA\ xt 




1 


APR 10 1919 




Places of 


luteal fin tlie ffij iaifciife-Saritosa. 




l WASii ^UTCUM, - D. 0. 


1 








JEUffiCM 


iEtna Spring, 


High Rock Spring, 


SSST J AN -. 7 


i {Ilitfjian Encampment, 
'^Indian Spring, 


Bemis Heights, 


Lake Lovely, 


Benedict's Sulphur Spring, 


Lake Saratoga, 


Chapman's Hill, 


Luzerne, 


Circular Railway, 


Marble Works, 


Columbian Spring, 


Pavilion Spring, 


Cohoes Falls, 


Putnam's Spring, 


Congress Park, 


Race Course, 


Congress Spring, 


Red Spring, 


Corinth Falls, 


Saratoga " A " Spring, 


Crystal Spring, 


Seltzer Spring, 


Deuel Spring, 


Star Spring, 


Diamond Spring, 


Stiles' Hill, 


Drs. Strong's Turkish Baths, 


Surrender Ground, 


Ellis Spring, 


Ten Springs, 


Empire Spring, 


Triton Spring, 


Eureka Spring, 


Trout Ponds, 


Excelsior Park, 


United States Spring, 


Excelsior Spring, 


Union Spring, 


Excelsior Lake, 


Verd Antique Marble Works, 


Geyser Spring, 


Washington Spring, 


Glass Factory, 


Wagman's Hill, 


Glacier Spring, 


Water Works, 


Glen Mitchell, 


Wearing Hill, 


Hagerty Hill, 


White Sulphur Spring, 


Hamilton Spring, 


Y. M. C. A. Rooms. 


Hathorn Spring, 




Sterescopic views and Photographs of the above can be had of 


Sterry, Clarendon Park Studio. 


For the location of these places, see map. 


No charge is made to visitors for the use of the waters, except 


a trifling fee to the " dipper boys," and even this is at the option 


of the visitor. 



PREFACE. 



The proper understanding and explanation of Mineral 
Waters is, at best, a problem of considerable difficulty. 

Germany boasts of over two hundred treatises on its 
Spas. In America, which ranks second only to Germany in 
the number and value of its Springs, if it does not surpass 
that country, the literature of the subject consists almost 
altogether of the advertising pamphlets and circulars of 
the owners of Springs, many of whom proclaim their waters 
a universal "panacea for all the ills that flesh is heir to," 
publishing unprofessional and unreasonable testimonials 
and vaunted cures, in the same style as the patent medicine 
almanacs and eulogisms of quacks with which our country 
abounds. 

Mineral waters are coming into a more extended use, and, 
possessing properties of the utmost value, they merit the 
attention of the ablest physicians. 

The Springs and wells of Saratoga are so numerous, and 
the rivalry between them so natural, that to deal justly and 
impartially in describing all of them, and to state concisely 
the advantages and peculiarities of each, is a task which 
one who has never attempted cannot fully appreciate. 

The writer has not the slightest pecuniary interest in any 
mineral spring, and he has endeavored to treat all with 
equal candor. 

Devoting a large share of his time to the study of min- 
eral waters and their effects, he hopes to elaborate the sub- 
ject more definitely in some future edition of this unpre- 
tending work. Meanwhile he extends his thanks to the 
Superintendents of the Springs, and to many citizens of 
Saratoga for the courtesies they have extended to him. 

Saratoga, June, 1873. R. F. D. 



CHAPTER 1. 

SARATOGA AS A WATERING PLACE. 



HE question " where to spend the Sum- 
mer?" is usually discussed by paterfa- 
milias, anxious mammas and uneasy 
children long before the summer solstice 
drives them from the pent-up confines of 
the busy metropolis to the pure air and 
quiet recreation of country life. Many 
will visit the seaside, some will climb the 
mountains or explore the forests. Fashion, 
in most instances, determines the place of 
resort, and has fixed on certain localities, 
or courts of its acknowledged leaders, where not to have 
been seen at least is to have been buried for the season. 

One place has held through the many years the highest 
rank, both from intrinsic merit, and from an unfluctuating 
devotion of the fashionable world, and has been aptly termed 
" The Queen of American Watering Places." 

" Scenes must be beautiful, which, daily viewed, 
Please daily, and whose novelty survives 
Long knowledge and the scrutiny of years." 

The village of Saratoga — where dwells the benign god- 
dess Hygeia, in the midst of her far-famed waters of life and 
health — is pleasantly situated within the heart of a broad 
stretch of varied table-land, in the upper part and near the 
eastern boundary of New York, with an elevation of three 
hundred feet above tide-water, and in the vicinity of the 




6 



SARATOGA, 



mountain ranges which form the watershed between the St. 
Lawrence and Lake Champlain. 

Routes to Saratoga. 

During the visiting season trains from the metropolis 
reach the place in five hours and thirty minutes — a distance 
of 186 miles. You can leave the city at nine o'clock in the 
morning, and, upon the soft-cushioned seats, and amid the 
damask and velvet of Wagner's magnificent drawing-room 
cars, enjoy a pleasurable journey up the famous Hudson, 
till you arrive at Saratoga early in the afternoon. Or, by 
the four o'clock train, Saratoga is reached in the evening. 
If pleasure is the object, and enjoyment of the lordly 
Hudson's bewildering beauty is desired, one of the steam 
palaces that plough the river should be taken. The most 
luxurious and elegant, and the safest and surest of these are 
the boats of the People's Line. The contrast between the 
accommodations of these boats and certain others nearly as 
large, is so great as to leave no question which route is 
preferable. 

Distances. 



Albany 38 miles. 

Boston, via Rutland.. 230 " 

Philadelphia 274 " 

Washington 412 " 

Chicago 841 " 

White Mountains.... 322 " 

Boston, via Albany. . . 230 " 



Troy 32 miles. 

New York City 186 " 

Niagara 311 " 

Lake George 45 " 

Montreal 202 " 

Quebec 392 u 

Rutland 62 " 



The History 

Of this fashionable resort embraces a century. The muse 
of history has marked the spot with one of her red battle- 
flags, and thus distinguished her from the herd of new 
places whose mushroom growth is like that of the gentility 
which they harbor. 



SARATOGA. 



The healing virtue of Saratoga water was unfolded by 
the aborigines to their friend and patron, Sir William John- 
son, Bart., in 1767, when he was borne to the spring on a 
litter. By the use of the water, in a few weeks he was 
restored to health. This region, now the haunts of fashion, 
was then a howling wilderness, with a few hats of the 
Indians scattered through the valley. 

We may imagine the unctuous " ugh " of content or of 
disgust — according to task — with which some antedeluvian 
" Hole-in-the-Day," bent down in the primeval woods, and 
pushing aside the woods and brakes, won an appetite for 
breakfast from the stimulus of the bubbling brook. The 
scene must have been more picturesque, though may be 
less comfortable than that now presented of the beaux and 
belles daintily touching the crystal glass with gloved 
fingers guarding their costly garments and silken robes 
from the smallest drop of the precious liquid. 

In 1783, General P. Schuyler and family came from Fish 
Creek and spent several weeks, ensconced in a tent near 
High Rock. 

The woods abounded with wild game. Bears, deer, 
wolves and moose were seen almost every day, and the 
small stream which runs through the valley was the abode 
of beaver, and great quantities of salmon trout. Deer and 
moose resorted to the place to drink the mineral water, 
and, while in pursuit of this beverage, they would appar- 
ently lose their wildness and suffer themselves to be closely 
approached, and were thus frequently shot by the hunters 
and Indians as they were regaling themselves at the foun- 
tain, of which there is every reason to believe they were 
voraciously fond. 

In 1797, Dr. Valentine Seaman, of New York city, made 
the first chemical experiments on the waters, publishing 
his results in a small volume, copies of which are now in 



8 



SARATOGA, 



the possession of the older citizens. In many respects Dr. 
Seaman's conclusions are sustained by the later experiments 
and use of the waters, while in others his highest expecta- 
tions have been surpassed by the reality. 

In 1789, Mr. Gideon Putnam settled in his log cabin at 
Saratoga, while, in 1803, he opened the first Union Hotel 
and displayed his primitive sign of " Old Put and the 
Wolf." 

This old sign is a rude and curious painting representing 
Putnam at the mouth of a cave grasping a wolf's head 
while one of the neighbors held Putnam by the boots. 
His colored servant, with musket and powderhorn, stands 
by, and Putnam's friends and his faithful dogs watch the 
scene. The painting illustrates an incident of Mr.. Put- 
nam's bravery while a citizen of Connecticut, and before he 
emigrated to Saratoga. The curious sign of " Putnam's 
Tavern & Boarding House " is still sacredly preserved by a 
member of the family — Dr. L. B. Putnam. 

How many daily arrivals Union Hall had at this time is 
not upon the record, nor does history enlighten us as to 
Putnam's bill of fare, or his per diem. What changes have 
occurred since this primitive sign was displayed, until the 
structure has grown too stately to bear any sign at all ! 

The village consisted of only three or four cabins, one of 
which was built by Gen. Schuyler, and which continued to 
be his summer home until his death. 

The visitors were almost entirely invalids at this early 
day. 

At length the character of the waters, and the excellency 
of the accommodations afforded to visitors, began to be 
more generally known and justly appreciated, and the little 
village, as it emerged from the surrounding wilderness, 
began to present the appearance of a place of fashion and 
extravagance, and, from being the mere humble abode of 



10 



SARATOGA, 



the indigent and infirm, suddenly became the resort of the 
most polite and polished society which our country af- 
forded. 



CONGRESS SPRING IN THE OLDEN TIME. 

The " View of Congress Spring in 1816/' is a reduced 
copy on wood of a curious and rare steel engraving, 
printed in 1817 in Dr. William Meade's " Experimental 
Enquiry into the Chemical Properties and Medicinal Quali- 
ties of the Principal Mineral Waters of Ballston and Sara- 
toga." The author of this work — an elaborate volume of 
200 pages octavo — was an eminent physician and chemist 
of Philadelphia, and a member of various learned and 
philosophical societies. He had been preceded in this field 
of research by Dr. Valentine Seaman, of New York, a very 
distinguished physician of that day, who had published a 
work in 1793 and 1809, entitled, " A Dissertation on the 
Mineral Waters of Saratoga, including an Account of the 
Waters of Ballston." 

At the date of Dr. Seaman's later publication, Saratoga 
had already eclipsed Ballston in the fame of its mineral 
waters ; but the latter, having been for a time the fashiona- 
ble resort, still offered the better accommodation for visi- 
tors. The only public house then open in Saratoga was a 
building of seventy feet in length, erected by Gideon Put- 
nam in 1802, on the site of Union Hall — now the Grand 
Union — until within a recent date owned and occupied by 
his descendants. Putnam's sign, a rudely representation 
of " Putnam and the Wolf," is still preserved as a carious 
relic by one of his family. The Congress Hall was begun 
in 1811, by the same hardy and resolute pioneer, and, at the 
date of Dr. Meade's publication, was a large and fashiona- 
ble hotel. 



SARATOGA. 1 1 



Dr. John H. Steel published his first treatise on " The 
Mineral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston " in 1817, a 
second edition of which appeared in 1819, and in 1831-& 
appeared his enlarged work on the same subject. 

We quote from Saratoga and its Mineral Waters, by C. 
C. Dawson, Esq. : 

It is a noteworthy circumstance that the attention of 
the eminent scientific men above named was thus early 
directed to these waters. Their experiments, the methods 
and results of which are carefully recorded, furnish ample 
confirmation of the statement that " there has been no 
appreciable change in the chemical properties or medicinal 
qualities of these waters," and that " they retain their 
original character in a remarkable manner." It may be 
noted also that Dr. Steele, in his later work (1832), states 
particularly of Congress Spring that " the water of this 
fountain retains its original properties, or its medicinal 
qualities, the same at least as they were twenty years ago ; " 
and to this must be added the recent statement of Prof. C. 
F. Chandler, one of the leading chemists of our day, who 
certifies that a comparison of his own analysis (recently 
made and published herewith)" with the analysis made by 
Dr. John H. Steel in 1832, proves that the Congress Water 
still retains its original strength and all the virtues which 
established its well-merited reputation. 

We may add that the popularity of this spring is still 
increasing, and the water is shipped to every section of 
the civilized world. 

In 1831, there was a subscription raised to help build a 
railroad from the city of Schenectady to Saratoga, and, at 
that time, it was thought a great achievement if Saratoga 
could be reached by rail from New York in fifteen or 
twenty hours. A physician writing from the place, at that 



1 2 SARATOGA, 



time, said : " The advantage of a railroad excursion, con- 
nected with the use of the waters, must prove of incalcula- 
ble benefit to invalids, especially to the enfeebled, and will 
determine thousands annually in the selection of the 
springs as the most favored spot for the recovery of 
health." 

It is not necessary for us to follow Saratoga through its 
misfortunes and its successes, its fires and its improve- 
ments, until it has reached its present reputation and 
attractiveness. 

Year after year the water swells up its sparkling currents ; 
year after year a little paint and plaster new-decks the 
great caravansaries ; year after year belles blush and sigh 
away the summer, or, linking their destinies, rejoice or 
repine at leisure ; and year after year, for a short four 
months of sequence, the little town swarms and rejoices 
with merry glee. 

The Village 

At the present day, is large enough to possess a fixed popu- 
lation of some 9,000 ; it has double, and perhaps treble, this 
number in the visiting season ; with elegant and costly 
churches, mammoth hotels and metropolitan stores, afford- 
ing every thing desirable, from a paper of pins to the rarest 
diamonds and laces, it has been called " rus in urbe " — 
more properly, urbs in rure. 

The principal street is Broadway, miles in length, ample 
in breadth, and, for the most part, shaded with a double 
line of graceful elms. Its extremities are adorned with 
beautiful villas. The Fifth avenue of the place, where the 
handsomest residences are located, is Circular street, east 
of the Park. Beautiful dwellings may also be found on 
Lake avenue and Franklin street. The streets are thronged 
with a gay and brilliant multitude, engaged in riding, 



SARATOGA. 1 3 



driving, walking, each enjoying to the utmost a fascinating 
kind of busy idleness. 

Arrival. 
Upon his arrival at the railway station, the traveler is 
surrounded by swarms of hotel porters and runners, each 
one crying lustily for the establishment which they repre- 
sent. By recent restrictions, the porters of each hotel are 
expected to stand under the sign of their houses, which 
ornament almost the entire length of the tasteful structure. 
In any watering-place, 

The Passenger Depot 
Is naturally a place of special interest. Visitors are no 
sooner settled in their summer quarters than they become 
interested in the incomings and outgoings of their fellow 
men, watching eagerly if perchance any old acquaintance 
may turn up. The contrast between city and country life 
in this respect is noticeable. Those who, amid the race for 
wealth in the cities, can scarcely afford a nod to intimate 
friends, here greet a slight acquaintance even with a. 
friendliness and cordiality undreamed of in the busy town. 

The station at Saratoga is elegant and tasteful, facing an 
open square, adorned with fountain and shade trees. It is 
built of brick, with elaborate iron trimmings from the 
Corrugated Iron Company of Springfield, Mass. The inte- 
rior is of black walnut. 

A rapid glance at all this will satisfy the tourist for the 
present ; and, with visions of attentive porters, his thoughts 
will be of clean napkins and what may be afforded in the 
way of 

Accommodations for Man and Beast. 

About 15,000 visitors can at one time be quartered in the 
gay watering-place, and consequently to pen up all the 



14 



SARATOGA. 




fashionable flock, within the limits of so small a town, 
requires no little tact. During August, Saratoga is always 
full, crowded — squeezed. 

Saratoga has the largest and most extensive hotels in 
the world. There are in all from thirty to forty, and in 



16 SARATOGA. 



addition to them numerous public and private boarding- 
houses accommodate large number Of guests. 

Among the hotels, the gem of Saratoga, and one of the 
finest, if not the finest, hotel in this country, is 

Congress Hall. 

Extending from Spring to Congress street, with a front 
on Broadway of 416 feet, and reaching with its two mam- 
moth wings 300 feet back, it is architecturally a perfect 
beauty. The rooms are large and elegant. The halls are 
ten feet wide, and broad, commodious stairways, with the 
finest elevator in the country, render every portion readily 
accessible. A front piazza, 20 feet wide and 240 feet in 
length, with numerous others within the grounds, and a 
promenade on the top of the hotel affording a charming 
view, contribute to render the house attractive. The 
dining halls, parlors, etc., are superb and ample, and every 
thing about the house is on a scale of unequaled magnifi- 
cence and grandeur. 

The proprietors have endeavored to incorporate into this 
hotel every thing that can afford comfort and pleasure, at 
whatever expense. 

The cut of Congress Hall will give some idea of its out- 
lines, but fails to do it justice. It must be seen to be 
appreciated, and when seen commands the unqualified 
admiration of the beholder. It was erected in 1868, by H. 
H. Hathorn, Esq., the proprietor of the old Congress Hall, 
and one of the most influential citizens of Saratoga. 

The balls which occur every Friday eve surpass all 
others in America in rich toilets, fashionable attendance, 
and the music of Bernstein's unrivaled orchestra. 



SARATOGA. 19 



The Grand Union Hotel. 

This mammoth establishment is located on the west side 
of Broadway, and with its magnificent grounds embraces a 
space seven acres in extent, covering nearly an entire 
square. It is a splendid brick structure, with a street 
frontage of 1,364 feet. The office, parlor, dining room and 
dancing hall are unequaled for size, graceful architecture 
and splendid equipments and finish — the former exhibit- 
ing a lavish display of white and colored marbles, while a 
series of colonnades rise from the center to the dome. 
Within the capacious grounds are several elegant cottages 
which are greatly sought for by the elite. A vertical rail- 
way, comprising the latest improvements, renders the six 
stories so easy of access as to be equally desirable to guests. 

The capacity of this house is greater than that of any 
other in the world. Some idea of its immensity may be 
formed from the following statistics : Length of piazzas, 
one mile ; halls, two miles ; carpeting, twelve acres ; marble 
tiling, one acre; number of rooms, eight hundred and 
twenty-four , doors, one thousand four hundred and seventy- 
four ; windows, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one ; 
the dining-room is two hundred and fifty feet by fifty -three 
feet, and twenty feet high, and will accommodate at one 
time 1,200 people. 

During the past winter, the Union has been frescoed in 
the most artistic manner, and numerous improvements 
introduced. 

Music on the lawn at nine in the morning and at three 
and a half in the afternoon by Prof. J. M. Lander's cele- 
brated orchestra. Hops every evening. 

Interesting statistics of this house are given elsewhere. 



SARATOGA. 21 



The Grand Hotel. 
Congress Park— W. W. Leland & Co. 

A new structure, surpassing any watering-place hotel in 
the world, in beauty of location, graceful architecture and 
elegant equipments. 

The exterior of the house is most imposing. It is five 
stories in height, with a French roof, and has a street 
frontage of 580 feet, and by far reaching wings incloses 
quite a park. 

In the basement are twenty-five stores, besides reading- 
rooms, billiard-rooms, etc. 

The hotel has 650 rooms, and accommodates one thousand 
guests. The dining-room and hop rooms are 200 feet long. 
Silverware to the amount of $15,000 is used on its tables, 
and 150 waiters are in constant attendance. Fifty car 
loads of furniture all of black walnut and marble have 
been used in adorning the spacious apartments, while the 
softest spring beds and hair mattresses furnish couches of 
ease and luxury. 

A fine passenger elevator is at the service of the guests. 
An electric annunciator, requiring ninety miles of telegraph 
wire, and connecting every room with the office by a 
double line of wires, affords the best possible communica- 
tion. 

In short, every modern improvement has been adopted, 
and no expense has been withheld to make the Grand 
Hotel of Saratoga a summer home of which the nation 
may be proud. 

Looking out upon the green vista of Congress Park, and 
upon the interesting crowds of visitors who always throng 
around the famous spring, affording from its windows and 
piazzas an ample view of the most fashionable part of 
Broadway and the Boulevard to the Lake, and embracing 




GRAND HOTEL, CONGRESS PARK-W. W. LELAND & CO., PROPRIETORS 






SARATOGA. 23 



in its outlook the colonnades of the other hotels, its loca- 
tion and surroundings are perfectly enchanting. The 
Grand Hotel is under the personal supervision of Maj. 
W. W. Leland, whose name is a household word among 
the first families of America as the leading hotel manager 
on the continent. 
Epicureans need no assurance that 

""Whatever toothsome food or sprightly juice, 

On the greenbosom of this earth, are found, 
Are there displayed." 

Guests upon their arrival are met at the door by the 
affable proprietor, and without delay introduced to spacious 
apartments where clean towels, the whitest china and 
every attention make them feel perfectly at home. 

Gilmore's Jubilee Band furnish the music at this hotel. 

The United States. 

The old United States Hotel, -which was unfortunately 
burned to the ground in the summer of 1865, was com- 
menced in 1823 by Mr. John Ford. It was enlarged in 
1825, and afterward passed into the hands of Messrs. James 
M. Marvin & Co., under whose management it gained the 
reputation of being one of the most excellent and most 
fashionable, as it was one of the most capacious, establish- 
ments of the kind in the country. 

There were guests of the United States who had sum- 
mered under its hospitable roofs year after year from 
youth to age, storing up thousands of happy memories of 
the old place, which were rudely disturbed when it passed 
away ; endless and varied are the associations which cling 
to the spot. Many staid matrons and grave sires, now per- 
haps thousands of miles distant, who once danced and 



24 



SARATOGA. 



sighed together in the vanished parlors and the silent 
groves, will recall scenes of great pith and moment, which 
perchance gave color — rosy color, let us hope — to all 
their after life. 

As the stately structure rises again in new elegance and 
splendor how these old habitues love to recount the days of 
yore, so that the gouty foot becomes almost the light 
fantastic toe again, at the remembrance of all the gay 
revelry it once shared in the old festive halls. 

The New Structure. 

The illustration which our artist has drawn from the plans 
kindly furnished us by Messrs J. D. Stevens & Vaughn, the 
architects, will present some idea of a portion of the edifice, 
but so vast are the buildings, and so extensive their 
frontage, that we have found it impossible in a single 
illustration to give a complete view of this mammoth hotel. 

The following condensed statistics will assist the reader 
in forming some idea of the new United States, which is to 
far surpass in size and elegance every hotel on the globe. 

It will have a street frontage of 900 feet, and a row of 
parlor cottages 516 feet in length — all of the room in 
suites; but the specialty of the house will be the size and 
beauty of its private parlors, of which there will be sixty 
with from three to five sleeping rooms, and a bathroom, 
and water-closet attached to each. The cottages are 
entirely separate and secluded from each other, and will 
doubtless be the pride of the elite. 

There will be 1,100 rooms in the house, of which 768 are 
to be bed-rooms. 

Ball room 118 feet by 54 feet, and 20 feet high. 

Dining-room 210 feet by 52 feet, and with the ceiling 20 
feet from the floor. 

Parlors 86 feet by 50 feet, and two of 24 feet by 52 feet. 



SARATOGA. 25 



Two passenger elevators will accommodate the guests, 
and electricity will be the means of communication 
throughout the house. 

It is to be entirely of brick, and will be rendered fire- 
proof by thick fire walls. 

The hotel is being erected by Messrs. Ainsworth, Tomp- 
kins and Perry. 

The lot cost $150,000, and the estimated cost of the hotel 
is one million. It will be completed some time before the 
next season, and when the 1st of June, 1874, dawns upon 
us, it will witness the opening of a palace which Aladdin 
with wondering eyes would journey to see. 

Our statistics we believe to be reliable, having been 
obtained with great care. 

The Clarendon 

Is patronized by a very aristocratic and select class of 
guests. Its location is very picturesque ; and within its 
inclosure, magnificently circled by elms and covered with a 
superb pagoda, is the celebrated Washington spring. 

The Leland Spring, named in honor of the affable pro- 
prietor of the hotel, is also within the grounds. 

The Everett House, 

On South Broadway, a few steps beyond the Clarendon, 
is well patronized by a wealthy and cultivated class of 
guests. A very pleasant piazza surrounding the front of 
the house, and a pretty lawn and cottage in the grounds, 
are attractive features of this summer hotel. The house 
has a home-like appearance and a delightful location. Im- 
provements and additions are now contemplated, to be 
completed before next season, which will render this one 
of the most beautiful summer hotels in America. 



36 



SARATOGA. 



The table of the Everett House is unsurpassed in Saratoga. 
Mr. B. V. Fraser, the proprietor, keeps his hotel in the best 
style. 

The Columbian Hotel, 
Mr. D. A. Dodge, proprietor, is a new hotel on Broadway, 
opposite Congress Park, and just south of the Crystal 
Spring. A more beautiful and central location is not to be 
found in the limits of the famous watering place. It is 
just where everybody want to be, and yet is free from 
noise, is home-like and patronized by superior society, and 
the prices of its accommodations are very reasonable. To 
those who visit Saratoga for genuine recreation, for sight- 
seeing, or for health, the Columbian Hotel offers special 
advantages. 

Every thing about this hotel is new, fresh and delight- 
ful. With its charming location, its perfect neatness, and 
its agreeable society, what more could be asked ? 

The Holden House, 
On the west side of Broadway, just above the Marvin House, 
is one of the smaller hotels where the prices are moderate, 
the table excellent, and every thing neat and clean. It is 
open throughout the year, and is a nice place to stop. Major 
W. J. Biggs is the proprietor. 

To describe all of Saratoga's hotels would require a large 
book. We have endeavored to select and describe the best, 
and only the best, and while we would not disparage the 
many other hotels, some of which are kept in an excellent 
manner, we carefully, honestly and cordially recommend 
those we have described as among the best, and perhaps as 
the best, in town, and our readers can rely fully upon our 
description. We speak thus strongly because we have 
found so many guide-books unreliable and regardless of 
truth, and because we believe our careful selection and 
description is a valuable feature of this work. 



28 



SARATOGA. 



Boarding Houses 
abound in all parts of the village. Some are large and 
commodious, and others private and homelike. The prices 
vary, not always according to the location and accommoda- 
tions. 

The Vermont House 
on Grove, corner of Front street, and just north of the 
Presbyterian church, is one of the largest and best. It has 
been enlarged during the past season, and is now superior 
to some of the more pretending hotels in its handsome ex- 
terior, its well-furnished apartments and the finish of its 
public rooms. The culinary department receives its sup- 
plies direct from the proprietor's farm. 

The prices at this boarding house are much lower than 
for similar accommodations in any of our cities, and those 
who wish to live well, and yet very reasonably while at 
Saratoga, will find this just the place they want. 

The Institute of Dr. Strong 

is an excellent boarding house. Its parlors and dining- 
rooms are tasteful and elegant. Among the features of 
the house are family prayers for the guests, for which 
there is no additional charge?) The Institute is well sup- 
plied with " Equalizers," " Vacuum treatments," and other 
patented " appliances " for invalids. 




32 SARATOGA. 



Temple Grove Seminary- 
Is beautifully situated in a grove, on what was formerly 
called Temple Hill, hence the name. The grounds occupy 
the whole square on Spring street, between Circular and 
Regent streets. 

All the noted springs of Saratoga are within a few 
minutes' walk of the Seminary, while Congress Park is but 
one block distant. The institution for the last five years 
has been under the efficient management of Charles F. 
Dowd, A. M., a graduate of Yale College, and it affords the 
best of advantages for a complete, solid and ornamental 
education. 

The " Regular Graduating Course " occupies a period of 
four years, and embraces the principal studies pursued in 
our best colleges for young men, while much liberty is 
allowed to "optional studies," which afford facilities for 
the more modern and artistic accomplishments. Not only 
is every advantage afforded for intellectual improvement, 
but the religious and moral culture of the students is con- 
scientiously cared for in a liberal and faithful Christian 
spirit. 

Among the patrons of the Seminary are some of the best 
families of the leading cities of the country. These supe- 
rior advantages are afforded at very reasonable charges, as 
may be learned from the annual catalogue. The terms are 
lower than could be offered were it not that, during the 
summer months, the Seminary receives a practical endow- 
ment through the use of its building for boarding purposes. 

From June to September, its spacious and well furnished 
rooms and well supplied tables dispense to its patrons the 
comforts and luxuries of a first-class hotel. Porters are at 
the depot to meet all trains. 

With its delightful grove and grounds, a few steps 
removed from the bustle and confusion of the great hotels, 



34 SARATOGA. 



arid its accessibility to all the springs in Saratoga, this 
Seminary is particularly desirable to lovers of health and 
comfort. It is designed, specially, for the Christian and lit- 
erary public. 

The Churches 

Are commodious and built with special reference to the 
visiting population. They are ministered to by resident 
pastors, of culture and repute, and their pulpits are filled 
during the season by distinguished divines from all sections 
of the country. 

The Methodist Society have the most elegant and con- 
veniently located edifice. It was dedicated in 1872, and is 
situated on the north side of Washington street, just above 
the Grand Union. It is built of brick with sand-stone trim- 
mings, and cost $116,000. Rev. J. M. King is the pastor. 
Residence, Phila street. 

The Episcopal church, nearly opposite the Methodist, is 
a modern edifice of stone most pleasing in its architecture. 
Rev. Dr. Camp is the rector. 

The Presbyterian church is a large brick structure, some 
little distance up Broadway, and beyond the new Town Hall. 
Rev. Mr. Newman, pastor. 

The Baptist church is a brick edifice on Washington 
street, near the railroad. Rev. E. A. Wood, pastor. 

The Congregational church is directly over the post-office 
on Phila street. Rev. N. F. Rowland, pastor. 

The Catholic church occupies a commanding and agree- 
able location upon South Broadway, just beyond the Claren- 
don Hojel. Rev. Father McNerney, pastor. 

The Second Presbyterian church meets in Newland 
Chapel, on Spring street, near Temple Grove Seminary. 
Rev. J. N. Crocker, pastor. 

The Free Methodist chapel is on Regent street. 

A list of the services, and the hours of holding them, is 



SARATOGA. 35 



published every Saturday iu the daily Saratogian. The 
Saratogian is the " old established " paper, and seems to 
be as firm in its foundation as the rock from which the 
Saratoga waters issue. Eli Perkins informs us that Sara- 
toga was named from the Saratogian. Col. Ritchie is one 
of the spiciest editors to be found. 

■?he Hall and Reading Rooms of the Y. M. O. A. 

Are in the town hall on Broadway. Daily prayer meetings 
are held in the Congregational church (over the post-office 
on Phila street;. These meetings are especially for, and 
conducted by, the summer guests, and are undenomina- 
tional, and well attended. Those who think Saratoga only 
a place of folly and fashion will be surprised by a visit to 
these interesting meetings. Christians from all over the 
world meet here and join with each other in prayer and 
praise and sacred song. Although these meetings are not 
peculiar to Saratoga, they are none the less precious, espec- 
ially to those who love their Master's work. 

Country Seats. 

The villa residences of Saratoga are numerous and attrac- 
tive, though they are not so marked a feature in the char- 
acter of the place as at Newport. The village offers great 
inducements to summer as well as to permanent residents. 

We present a few illustrations of the many attractive 
villas which are now building or are occupied by prominent 
citizens, but we have not space to make individual mention 
of the many beautiful houses at Saratoga. 

Real Estate, 
While not exorbitant, as at Newport and other watering 
places, the prices of real estate in Saratoga, as might be 
expected, are somew'iat higher than usually reign in vil- 
lages of its size. The value of real estate is enhanced very 



SARATOGA. 37 



much yearly ; the average rise, for several years, has been 
about ten per cent per annum. The size of the village and 
the number of the resident population — now about 9,000 — 
is constantly increasing. Numerous and costly dwellings 
are being erected on almost every street. The village 
thrives, and it may be confidently hoped that, with its 
numerous and peculiar attractions, this beautiful valley 
will ere long become the center of a vast population. Edu- 
cational institutions and manufacturing interests should 
flourish here. There is a great demand for tasteful cottages 
for summer residents. 

As a permanent home, Saratoga is delightful and attrac- 
tive. The climate is excellent. The home society is very 
pleasant, and uncorrupted by the flash and glitter of the 
summer carnival. 

At one portion of the year the most distinguished, culti- 
vated and wealthy of our own country are gathered here — 
and sight-seeing can be done at home and on our own door- 
steps. The many blessings which follow in the train of 
wealth and culture are found here. Travelers from other 
climes who visit our country seldom return until they have 
drank from these celebrated fountains. An opportunity is 
afforded in the various pulpits of the village to listen to the 
most eloquent preachers of the day. The schools are good, 
and presided over by persons of skill and experience. 

Those of our readers who desire more particular informa- 
tion in regard to real estate and permanent and transient 
homes in Saratoga, are referred to Messrs. Wm. M. Searing 
& Son, of Ainsworth's Place, rooms 12 and 13. 



CHAPTER II. 




DRIVES AND WALKS AND PLACES OF INTEREST. 

.HE most fashionable drive is the new 
Boulevard to the Lake. Until recently 
there have been few attractions besides 
the gay and brilliant procession of car- 
riages with their fair occupants and 
superb horses. The drive is four miles 
in length, with a row of trees on each 
side and one in the middle. Carriages 
pass down on one side and return on the 
other. 
No sooner have we turned by the Con- 
gress Spring than we are in a long level reach of plains, 
dotted here and there with trees of pine and fir, with a few 
distant hills of the Green Mountains rolling along the hori- 
zon. It is a city gala at the hotel, but the five minutes 
were magical, and, among the trees and rural scenes upon 
the road, we remember the city and its life as a winter's 
dream. The vivid and sudden contrast of this little drive 
with the hotel is one of the pleasantest points of Saratoga 
life. In the excitement of the day it is like stepping out, 
on a summer's evening, from the glaring ball room upon 
the cool and still piazza. 

Near the outlet of the lake, on a bluff fifty feet above the 
surface of the water, is 

Moon's Lake House, 
One of the features of Saratoga. There is a row of carriages 
at the sheds — a select party is dining upon those choice 



SARATOGA. 39 



trout, black bass and young woodcock. The game dinners 
are good, the prices are high, and the fried potatoes are 
noted all over the world. They have never been success- 
fully imitated. Are done up in papers and sold like con- 
fectionery. The gayly dressed ladies indulge in beatific 
expressives as they feast upon them. 

A capital story is told of Moon, the proprietor — indeed 
he tells it " himself." A few months after one of his " sea- 
sons " had closed, he chanced to be in Boston, where he 
hired a horse and buggy to drive out to Chelsea. When he 
returned and called for his bill, the livery stable-keeper 
charged him about six times the usual price ; and when an 
explanation of such an extraordinary charge was demanded* 
replied, " Mr. Moon, I presume you do not recognize me, 
but last summer I took dinner at your Lake House." " Say 
not another word about it, my good fellow," responded 
Moon in his turn, " here is your money." 

Mr. Moon always has something nice expressly for you. 
When his liability to loss in so doing is considered, his 
prices will not appear so exorbitant. 

Those who with Prior, 

" Charmed with rural beauty 
Chase fleeting pleasure through the maze of life," 

will be pleased with 

Saratoga Lake. 

It has nine miles of length and two miles and a half of 
breadth. Many and varied scenes of interest and grandeur 
occur within this broad range of water and shore. The 
whole lake is replete with quiet and gentle beauty, striking 
the beholder rather with admiration than astonishment, as 
it lies cradled in the bosom of rolling hills. 

Boating and sailing may be enjoyed upon its waters, and 
a small steamer, plying from point to point, is at the com- 
mand of pleasure parties. 



40 



SARATOGA. 



Formerly an abundance of trout was found here, and 
shad and herring were among the annual visitors ; but the 
lake is now filled with the black or Oswego bass, pickerel, 
muscallonge and perch. 

But Saratoga Lake is not wholly devoted to the sports- 
man, or to the frivolities of fashionable butterflies. The 
beautiful and familiar hymn commencing — 

" From whence doth this union arise, 
That hatred is conquered by love ? 

It fastens our souls in such ties, 
That nature and time can't remove," 

was composed and sang first, upon the placid waters of this 
lake, by Dr. Baldwin, of Boston, and a party of clerical 
friends. 

That charming author, N. P. Willis, relates in his own 
charming style the following tradition of Saratoga Lake : 

" There is," he says, " an Indian superstition attached to 
this lake, which probably has its source in its remarkable 
loneliness and tranquillity. The Mohawks believed that 
its stillness was sacred to the Great Spirit, and that if a 
human voice uttered a sound upon its waters, the canoe of 
the offender would instantly sink. A story is told of an 
English woman, in the early days of the first settlers, who 
had occasion to cross this lake with a party of Indians, who, 
before embarking, warned her most impressively of the 
spell. It was a silent, breathless day, and the canoe shot 
over the smooth surface of the lake like an arrow. About 
a mile from the shore, near the center of the lake, the 
woman, willing to convince the savages of the weakness of 
their superstition, uttered a loud cry. The countenances 
of the Indians fell instantly to the deepest gloom. After a 
moment's pause, however, they redoubled their exertions, 
and in frowning silence drove the light bark like an arrow 
over the waters. They reached the shore in safety, and 



SARATOGA. 4 1 



drew up the cauoe, and the woman rallied the chief on his 
credulity. ' The Great Spirit is merciful,' answered the 
scornful Mohawk, 'He knows that a white woman cannot 
hold her tongue.' " 

Excelsior Park. 

Although but recently projected, there are indications 
that the unusually fine natural features of this charming 
locality are appreciated, and that many of the citizens of 
our large towns will be attracted thither as a very suitable 
spot to locate their summer residences. 

The Park comprises that portion of Saratoga Springs 
formerly known as the " Valley of the Ten Springs," with 
the adjacent slopes and table-land on either side. Broad 
avenues have been made, and nicely graded, and large and 
small villa plats have been laid out, many of which com- 
mand fine views of the mountains in Vermont, and the 
Lake George Hills, while, for immediate surroundings, they 
overlook the valley with its fountains of invigorating min- 
eral waters. 

Some of- the lots in this park are situated upon the 
shores of Excelsior Lake, a beautiful sheet of water 
which adds many charming bits of scenery to the richly 
diversified landscape of hills and dales, and woods of 
stately evergreen and deciduous trees. 

We know of no place more desirable for the summer 
homes of such as desire to escape the heat and noise of the 
city, and secure the benefit of nature's healing waters, 
without entering into the whirl of a fashionable season 
among the throngs that congregate at the large hotels. 

Excelsior Park is reached from the village by either Lake 
or Spring avenues, while between the two is the broad foot- 
path leading through the shady and picturesque woods, so 
well known to the frequenters of Saratoga. 



SARATOGA. 43 



In the center of the park is the widely-known " Excelsior 
Spring," whose waters find their way (in reservoirs) to every 
part of the country. The Union and Minnehaha Springs 
are also situated in near proximity to the Excelsior, and 
the White Sulphur Spring, with its large bathing estab- 
lishment, is but a short distance down the valley. 

Several cottage sites have been purchased by residents 
of Brooklyn, who will shortly erect tasteful cottages on the 
same. 

Chapman's Hill 

Is a mile beyond the Lake House, and one hundred and 
eighty feet above the level of the lake. A charming view 
is afforded. Immediately below, the lake presents a mir- 
rored surface of several square miles, while the meadows 
and table lands on its western shore may be traced with all 
their simple beauty, until they merge into the Kayaderos- 
seras range of mountains. 

Wagman's Hill, 

Which is about three miles beyond, affords a still more 
extended view. Several curious mineral springs — one of 
which an inflammable gas — are found here. 

Hagerty Hill, 

Six miles north of the village, toward Luzerne, brings to 
view a fine landscape. 

But the most extended view and the boldest landscape 
may be seen from 

Wearing Hill, 
On the Mount Pleasant road, and about fifteen miles from 
Saratoga Springs. Saratoga, Ballston, Schenectady, Water- 
ford, Mechanicville, Schuylerville, Saratoga Lake, Round 
Lake, etc., by the aid of a glass can all be discerned from 
this hill. 



44 



SARATOGA. 



The Prospect Hills of Greenfield. 

One of the finest drives and the most sightly point of obser- 
vation to get a birds-eye view of Saratoga Springs, is from 
the Wescott or Prospect hills, situated in Greenfield, three - 
and-a-half miles north-west from the village. They are 
approached by the way of Waring avenue, west to Gran- 
ger's four corners, thence north about two miles ; or through 
Greenfield avenue in a north-westerly direction, to Locust 
Grove corners, thence north, half a mile to the first hill, 
from whence the immediate view is particularly fine. 
From the second hill near the residence of Mr. Darrow, 
the prospect is simply grand. On the east you have 
an unbroken view of 1he southern range of the Green 
mountains, from a point opposite Glens Falls, till they 
are lost in the distance beyond Troy. On the south, the 
Heilderberg hills of Albany are in full view, beyond which 
the peaks of the Catskills are plainly visible. With a good 
field-glass, the white sails of the pleasure fleet can be seen 
upon the beautiful Saratoga Lake, while the village and 
the intervening farms lie (as it were) like a map at your 
feet. The most interesting time to visit this locality is in 
the afternoon, when the western sun lends an additional 
charm to the beauties of the scene. 

Lake Lovely- 
Is the euphonious name of an interesting little sheet of 
water not far from the village, on the Boulevard to Sara- 
toga Lake. Though not of very great extent, it has many 
points of considerable attraction, one of which is a glen on 
the eastern bank of the lake, which forms an echo, said to 
be almost as distinct and powerful as the celebrated one in 
the ruined bastion of the old French fortress at Crown 

Point. 

" Many a laugh and many a shout 
The busy echoes toss about." 



SARATOGA. 45 



Stiles' Hill, 

An interesting locality, revealing a varied landscape, along 
the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, may be reached in a drive 
of a few miles along the base of the Palmerton Mountain. 

Corinth, 

A bold cataract in the Upper Hudson, is some fifteen miles 
from Saratoga, and a mile from Jessup's Landing, on the 
Adirondack Railway. 

Luzerne, 

A charming hamlet at the confluence of the Hudson and 
Sacandaga, is twenty miles from Saratoga. It may be 
reached by a carriage road or the Adirondack Railway. 
Lake Luzerne, a beatif ul sheet of water, on the shore of 
which the village is situated, affords excellent opportuni- 
ties for fishing and boating. There are two excellent 
hotels — Rockwell's and the Wayside. The latter has 
numerous cottages attached for summer residents. It is 
owned by B. C. Butler, Esq., well known as the author of 
an interesting History of Lake George and Lake Cham- 
plain, and other works. 

The Saratoga Battle Ground. 

A visit to Bemis Heights, the scene of the two great 
battles of Saratoga (or of Stillwater), in September and 
October, 1777, which ended in the surrender of the British 
army, under Burgoyne, to the Americans, under Gates, 
will occupy a pleasant though somewhat long day's excur- 
sion. The battles were fought upon the elevated lands at 
Bemis Heights, two miles from the Hudson, in the town of 
Stillwater, about fifteen miles from Saratoga Springs. 

The scene of the capitulation ten days subsequent to the 
last battle is in the present village of Schuylerville in 



46 



SARATOGA. 



Saratoga, at the mouth of the Saratoga river, and about 
seven miles from the battlefield. Cicerones on the spot 
point out the precise localities to visitors. 

Lake George 
Is about thirty miles from Saratoga by carriage road. The 
Adirondack Railway, and stage ride of nine miles, is the 
pleasantest and mo t convenient route. Travelers can 
return the same day, if necessary. 

There are other and shorter drives in Saratoga, which are 
very attractive. Spring avenue, leading to the Excelsior 
and Sulphur springs, and returning by Lake avenue, is 
being laid out, and will make a beautiful drive. 

The road to Ballston and Spouting Springs has been 
recently improved, and is a popular resort. 

The entire length of Broadway is a magnificent drive, 
and affords an interesting and picturesque ride of some five 
minutes, xibout a mile north of Congress Hall the half- 
mile track and handsome grounds of Glen Mitchel are 
located. The Saratoga County Agricultural Society have 
their buildings here. The track is open to all who wish, 
both pedestrians and carriages. At the base of a steep 
bluff, shaded with numerous trees, and directly facing the 
race-track, is the Glen Mitchel hotel. The grounds are 
maintained at great expense by the proprietors of the 
hotel, and when this, and the short season of patronage is 
regarded, the prices for ordinary refreshments will not be 
considered as extraordinary as they might otherwise seem. 
The drive may be extended by turning to the east and 
driving round a small lake — Excelsior — and past the 
water- works, returning by Spring avenue, and affording an 
opportunity to see Excelsior Park in its radiant summer 
beauty, and to taste the sparkling springs which abound 
in this locality. 



• 







VIEW IN CONGRESS PARK. 



48 



SARATOGA. 



Congress Park 

Is the gem of Saratoga. It consists of a small hill in the 
shape of a horseshoe, covered with handsome trees, and 
laid out in smooth walks encircling the low ground which 
surrounds the spring. The park is the property of the 
Congress and Empire Spring Co., who generously keep it in 
perfect repair and open to the public. 

A quadrangular tower six feet in height, just south of 
the spring, was erected for the purpose of raising the 
water of a small stream, and distributing it to different 
parts of the village. 





PIAZZA OF CONGRESS HALL. 



litlr; 



,5 




CHAPTER III. 



AMUSEMENTS. 




N FACILITIES for recreation, Saratoga is 
almost unlimited. Some one has said that 
the amusements of Saratoga life are danc- 
ing and drinking, the one exercise being the 
Omega as the other is the Alpha of its 
butterfly life. Saratoga, however, abounds 
in amusements. Several bands of the most 
accomplished musicians are in attendance, 
who breathe over the grove, the garden and 
the assembly rooms, the lovely influence 
of inspiring- music. There are the races at 
the race-course and on the lake ; there are balls and hops 
every night ; there are the Indians and the Circular railway, 
and drives in all directions ; there are select parties and 
music by the bands, and shopping, and concerts, and, at 
the religious houses, charades and tableaux, and prayer 
meetings ; and what more could be asked ? 
Besides all these, 

Josh Billings 

says that " After going to Long Branch and frolicking in 
the water, he relishes going to Saratoga and letting the 
water frolic in him." 



50 



SARATOGA. 



Routine for a Lady: 

Rise and dress ; go down to the spring ; drink to the music 
of the band ; walk around the park — bow to gentlemen ; 
chat a little ; drink again ; breakfast ; see who comes in on 
the train ; take a siesta ; walk in the parlor ; bow to gen- 
tlemen ; have a little small talk with gentlemen ; have 
some gossip with ladies ; dress for dinner ; take dinner an 
hour and a half ; sit in the grounds and hear the music of 
the band ; ride to the lake ; see who comes by the evening 
train ; dress for tea ; get tea ; dress for the hop ; attend 
the hop ; chat awhile in the parlors, and listen to a song 
from some guest ; go to bed. Varied by croquet, ladies' 
bowling alley, Indian camp, the mineral springs, grand 
balls twice a week, concerts, etc., and the races. 

Balls. 

The three largest hotels have elegant ball-rooms, where 
hops take place every evening. Balls are held every week 
at each of the houses. Upon the latter occasion, the dress- 
ing becomes a matter of life and death, and explains why 
such numbers of those traveling arks known as " Saratoga 
trunks " are docked at the station every summer. 

Balls are reported in the papers far and near, and the 
anxiety of some to secure a good report of their costume is 
amusing. Brown's dismay at the bills is somewhat appeased 

as he reads in the morning paper, " Miss Brown, of , 

a charming, graceful blonde, was attired in a rich white 
corded silk, long train, with ruffles of the same, overdress 
of pink gros grain, looped en panier, corsage low, decollette, 
with satin bows and point lace ; hair a la Pompadour, with 
curls on white feathers, pearls and diamonds. She was 
much admired. Miss Brown is the accomplished daughter 
of Mr. Brown, one of the leading citizens of the metropolis." 



SARATOGA. 



51 



The hops are free to all the guests. An admission of $1 
is customary at the balls, and choice refreshments are 
served. Upon ball nights, the tasteful iron bridge which 
connects Congress Hall with its ball-room, and the grounds 
of the Grand Union, are illuminated by colored lights, pre- 
senting a fairy-like scence of bewildering beauty. Upon 
these occasions a large proportion of the population, both 
exotic and native, come forth as upon a festal day. 



The Races 

Occur the middle of July, and the second week in August, 
and are under the charge of the Saratoga Racing Associa- 
tion. 

The race-course is about a mile from Congress Spring. 
It was laid out in 1866, by C. H. Ballard, an accomplished 
surveyor, and is unsurpassed, if equaled, by any race-course 
in America, not excepting the famous Fashion course on 
Long Island. The swiftest and most noted racers in the 
Union are brought here, and many of the most remarkable 
races known to sportsmen have occurred on these grounds. 

Indian Camp. 

A few steps from Congress Spring, directly past the 
Saratoga Club-House, leads you to a wicket gate marked 
" Circular Railway, and, Indian Camp." 

The Indians are not such as figure conspicuously in the 
early annals of our country and in our favorite romances — 
as Eli Perkins says — " far different ! " They are simply a 
Canadian Gipsy band, part low French and part low 
Indian blood. They come here annually with an eye to 
business, and, like other people, to see and be seen, and 
open their weird camp to the public simply as a specula- 
tion, offering for sale the various trinkets to which their 
labor is directed. 




"SET UP A CENT "-INDIAN CAMP. 



SARATOGA. 53 

The white tents glistening among the green hemlocks, 
and the rustic lodges displaying the gayly decorated bow 
and quiver, make a picture somewhat attractive ; but the 
Indians themselves are dirty and homely, except the young 
squaws and far from inviting in their appearance. The 
slim, blackeyed, bare-footed boys, who pester you with 
petitions to " set up a cent," as a mark for their arrows, 
have a sort of Gipsy picturesqueness, however ; and as 
one walks down the little street between the huts — half 
tent and half house — he may get an occasional glimpse of 
a pappoose swinging in a hammock, and thank his stars for 
even such a fractional view of the pristine life. 

The Circular Railway 

Is connected with the Indian Camp. An opportunity is 
here afforded for enthusiasts and very gallant gentlemen 
to test their strength and patience, by propelling them- 
selves and friends round the circle in one of the cars. The 
recreation requires the expenditure of no little strength, 
and is only accomplished by the sweat of some one's brow, 
but it is preferable, doubtless, to "swinging round the 
circle." 

Within a few feet of the Circular Railway is a spring of 
pure soft water. The water is quite drinkable, and is 
esteemed unusually pure and wholesome. The well water 
of the town is good, and the water from Excelsior Lake, 
which has lately been introduced throughout the village 
by the Holly system, is considered superior. 

Shopping. 

Abundant opportunity is afforded those who have occa- 
sion to visit emporiums of art and fashion on shopping 
designs intent. The flashing establishments under the 
large hotels, as well as several others in the village, cater 



54 



SARATOGA. 



entirely to the fashionable visitor. Every thing desirable 
in the way of laces, feathers, diamonds and ornaments, and 
elegant dress goods, are obtainable. It is the custom of 
many of the fashionable merchants and modistes of New 
York to open here, during the summer, branch establish- 
ments for the sale of their specialties. There are numerous 
resident stores also, which would not disgrace New York 
or Boston. Among these the establishment of Mr. John Toon, 
under Congress Hall and opposite Congress Spring, takes 
the lead. During the warm season the Saratoga Broadway 
glitters with the brilliant display in shop windows and the 
gorgeous exhibition of goods upon the sidewalks. 



About Dress. 

In smaller watering places one is soon known to all, marked 
and criticised until uncomfortable and Mrs. Grundy is a 
tyrant. Saratoga is like a great city : the throng so great, 
the succession so constant, that one has a comfortable sense 
that one can do as one pleases, without exciting a passing 
remark. When the colonnades are full of promenaders 
with every variety of toilet position, comparative and super- 
lative, you feel that the most you could do, had you the 
means, would be nothing here, and the least you can do 
answers every purpose, since nobody gives more than a 
passing glance at any thing. It is a constant tide of faces 
and forms ebbing and flowing, and the second blots out the 
first, and the third the second, as the waves of the sea efface 
each other. Nobody is afraid of anybody. There are no 
boundaries of frigid reserve. 



Evening. 

It is only in the evening that Saratoga is 
When — 



in full bloom. 



SARATOGA. 55 



11 night throughout the gelid air, 

Veils with her sable wings the solar glare ; 
When modest Cynthia, glad in silver light, 
Expands her beauty on the brow of night, 
Sheds her soft beams upon the mountain side, 
Peeps through the wood and quivers on the tide," 

then faces light up with the gas lamps. The parlors begin 
to fill with elegantly attired ladies, the piazzas are thronged 
with chatty and sociable gentlemen, and the streets are 
crowded, far more than they are in the daytime, by pleasure 
strollers of either sex in elegant array. The ball-room be- 
comes radiant with costly chandeliers, whose effulgence is 
reflected by diamonds of the first water. 

One dark evening, at the height of last season, in the 
midst of the preparations for a brilliant ball, the gas which 
supplies the whole village became suddenly exhausted. 
Candles were the only resource, and there was by some mis- 
chance a limited supply of these. Bottles were improvised 
for candlesticks, and stationed in the corners and on the 
pianos of the massive parlors, rendering the scene grotesque 
and ludicrous in the extreme, while the closer nestling of 
lovers and the solemn stillness reigning on every hand gave 
sublimity to the picture. The poet Saxe happened to be 
among the guests at Congress Hall, and borrowed a candle 
from a pretty young lady. The next morning she found 
under her door the following beautiful lines : 

" You gave me a candle ; I give you my thanks, 
And add, as a compliment justly your due, 
There is not a girl in these feminine ranks 
Who could, if she would, hold a candle to you." 

Verily "darkness brings the stars to view." On this 
occasion there was no little "sparking," and though the 
flames of the gas lamps gave no light, love's flame burned 
brighter than ever. 



56 



SARATOGA. 



Gridley's Trout Ponds. 

Those who are fond of " speckled beauties," and would 
like to obtain a fine mess without encountering the swarms 
of mosquitoes, gnats and sand-flies that usually infest the 
region where the trout may be taken, should visit Grid- 
ley's. " Old Gridley," as he is familiarly called, formerly 
kept the Pavilion, near the depot. Some three or four years 
since he conceived the idea of starting a fish propagating 
establishment. His place is located in a beautiful little 
ravine, about one mile and a half from Congress Spring, 
and just beyond the race-course. There may be seen myr- 
iads of speckled trout in a succession of small ponds situ- 
ated along down the ravine, one below the other, supplied 
with water of the brilliancy of a crystal, gushing from the 
banks. It is a well-known fact that the chief reason for 
this species of fis"h being so scarce, is because of their de- 
vouring each other, or, in other words, " big fish eating up 
little fish." Hence, Mr. Gridley, as well as other propa- 
gators, is obliged to separate them as to age and size — 
one-year olds in one pond, two-year olds in another, and so 
on down. 

Visitors are very cordially received by Mr. G., and pro- 
vided with fishing tackle, etc. — and sometimes a bottle of 
Rhine wine gratis — and are duly informed that his prices 
are $1 per pound — that is, for every pound of fish caught, 
visitors can pay $1. The fish may be seen tantalizingly 
sporting and jumping out of the water, two or three thou- 
sand at a time. For any one who contemplates indulging 
in the sport, and is willing to pay for it, this is the place 
to come. 



SARATOGA. 57 



Saratoga in Winter. 

Saratoga is not a " Country where the leaves never fall, 
and the eternal day is summer-time." As the gorgeous 
autumnal sunsets of October crown the golden-capped, or 
no longer verdant forests, the summer beauties prepare to 
return to their winter homes. The falling leaves in this 
vicinity are wondrously beautiful, and the cool sunsets will 
richly reward those who tarry to behold them ; but " the 
season" is over, and the little town becomes almost a de- 
serted village. 

" Brightly, sweet Summer, brightly, 
Thine hours have floated by." 

A shade of melancholy cannot but possess those who 
remain after the last polka is polked, the last light in the 
last ball-room is extinguished, and the summer ended. At 
length the railway engine whistles at long intervals ; the 
mail bags lose their plethora ; the parish preachers, shorn 
of occasional help, knuckle to new sermons ; the servants 
disperse ; the head-waiter retires to private life, and the 
dipper-boy disappears in the shades of the pine forests ; the 
Indians pack up their duds, and, like the Arab, silently 
steal away ; while the landlords retire within their sanctums 
to count over their hard-earned dollars. 

After a time the village seems to become accustomed to 
the " new departure," and local politics, Tammany rings 
and frauds, and committees of forty agitate the public 
breast, until Spring returns and Saratoga blossoms again 
with new beauty. 

The Regular Visitors. 

It must be confessed that the visitors themselves are 
among the most interesting and attractive features of this 
fashionable resort. The people who visit Saratoga are 



58 



SARATOGA. 



generally the rich — and here is the place to see rich men 
when they are un trammeled by business, and are submis- 
sive to the charms of social life. There are four who, in 
past years, have been constant visitors here, whose indi- 
vidual wealth, in each case, would be underestimated at 
$50,000,000. 

Intellectual men, stylish men, the beaux of society, men 
of the world, and occasionally fast men, are to be seen in 
Saratoga. 

Women — blondes and brunettes of either extreme — the 
fluttering bee of fashion, the gentler bird of beauty ; the 
lady of social rank, who has enjoyed prerogatives that 
would have wrecked more than one cooing pair, and her 
less rotund maiden sister who, with the wisdom of a war- 
rior, resides behind artificial breastworks — these make up 
some of the people found in this sample-room of American 
society flourishing at Saratoga, and throughout almost the 
whole there runs the pervading leaven of wealth. 

Of maiden ladies who still struggle and twist to look 
enchanting in spite of time's effacing fingers, and of widows 
dangerous and desperate, as they endeavor to recall their 
early charms, there are not a few. Of dazzling beauty there 
is a fair proportion ; but where are the young men, beaux 
for all these ? Where, oh ! where ? Echo answers, 
" Nowhere ! " The absence of young men has been com- 
mented upon for several seasons. 

Saratoga is cosmopolitan, complex. It embraces a half 
dozen places, each attracting its own " set." One realm is 
ruled by the millionaire and the managing mother. There 
is a Saratoga for the invalid ; still another Saratoga of the 
sportsman. Here, also, are the flirts, and those whose para- 
dise is the ball-room. Here, too, undoubtedly come more 
or less shoddy, and in shoddy fashion. 




DRAWING ROOM - GRAND UNION. 



60 



SARATOGA. 



Each class is to a certain extent distinct. 

Outside of all these Saratogas, there is still another, 
which attracts thousands of sensible, healthy, but busy and 
overworked people, who come here every year for genuine 
recreation. 

Clergymen and merchants, bankers and lawyers, politi- 
cians and gentlemen jostle against each other. Coming 
from Cuba, with their dark eyes and raven hair ; coming 
from the South, with their soft melting beauty ; coming 
from New England, with their lofty notions and self-esteem, 
there gathers here a wonderfully variegated collection of 
people, each sui generis and affording the rarest facilities 
for the study of human nature. " Tis pleasant through 
the loop-holes of retreat to peep at such a world." 

Romance 
Is the necessary association of watering-places, because 
they are the haunts of youth and beauty seeking pleasure — 
but the romances of a watering-place, like other romances, 
always seem past when you are there. It is after the close 
of the season, when Saratoga is miles away, that its asso- 
ciations flash upon the mind in their true colors. 

At Congress Hall, to be sure, old women gossip about 
other days, when the present grand dames were belles ; and 
managing mothers remember, alas ! how sadly, the happy 
hours of days long gone by, when their destinies were 
linked in the chain that binds them. To how many are 
those lines of Whittier realized — 

" The saddest words of tongue or pen 
Are these sad words, it might have been." 

Those who come here expecting and desiring to figure in 
a romance, or to be romantic, may be disappointed ; but 
there unexpected, and perhaps unconsciously, happens 
among those sweet, trusting natures, the fairest flowers of 



SARATOGA. 6 1 



youth, no small proportion of the romances of real life 
which occur in our busy and non-sentimental country. 

Although Saratoga is preeminently a fashionable resort, 
and the city of vanity fair, it is nevertheless Cupid's sum- 
mer-home ; and lovers here acknowledge the first throbbings 
of that passion of bright hopes, and too many sad reali- 
ties — love. The complaint is always heard that " fish 
don't bite this season ; " but autumn comes, and " The 
faded woods a yellow livery wear," the butterflies return 
home, and then it is found that a goodly number have 
been caught. Those not matrimonially inclined should 
know that a sojourn at a Spa is attended with con- 
siderable danger. 

Saratoga Society. 

The poet says of Saratoga life : 

" Saratoga society, 
What endless variety ! 
What pinks of propriety! 
What gems of sobriety ! 
What garrulous old folks, 
What shy folks and bold folks, 
And warm folks and cold folks! 
Such curious dressing, 
And tender caressing, 
(Of course that is guessing,) 
Such sharp Yankee Doodles, 
And dandified noodles, 
And other pet poodles ! 
Such very loud patterns, 
(Worn often by slatterns !) 
Such strait necks, and bow necks, 
Such dark necks and snow necks, 
And high necks and low necks ! 
With this sort and that sort, 
The lean sort and fat sort, 
The bright and the flat sort — 
Saratoga is crammed full, 
And rammed full, and jammed full," etc. 



62 



SARATOGA. 



But while we laugh at Saratoga, its dancing, dressing and 
flirtation, it is yet not without its lessons for an observing 

eye. 

" Here the heart 
May give a useful lesson to the head, 
And Learning wiser grow without his books." 

It is not all frivolity. Like every aspect of life, and like 
most persons, it is a hint and suggestion of something high 
and poetic. It is an oasis of repose in the desert of our 
American hurry. It is a perpetual festival. 

Here we step out of the worn and weary ruts of city 
society, and mingle in a broad field of varied acquaintance. 
Here we may scent the fairest flowers of the South, and 
behold the beauty of our Northern climes. Here party dis- 
tinctions and local rivalries are forgotten. Here, too, men 
mingle and learn from contact and sympathy, a sweeter 
temper and a more catholic consideration, so that the 
summer flower we went to wreath may prove not the 
garland of an hour, but a firm link in the chain of our 
American Union. 




CHAPTER IV. 



THE MINERAL WATERS. 



HE medicinal springs within its pre- 
cincts have given a celebrity to the town 
of Saratoga which few other places 
possess. Wonder at its growth and 
long-continued prosperity,- as smaller 
watering places may seem to do, its citi- 
zens have something substantial on 
which they may pin their faith in its in- 
creasing prosperity, namely, its match- 
less mineral waters and its natural at- 
tractions. 

The valley famous for its healing waters is crescent- 
shaped, extending from Ballston Spa to Quaker Springs, 
some seventeen miles. In the very center of this valley the 
village of Saratoga Springs is situated, and the waters 
which bubble up in its precincts come from the very foun- 
tain-head of a neighborhood which surpasses the known 
world in its hygienic advantages and in the value and vari- 
ety of its mineral springs. 

The Origin 

Of these springs has been discussed in scientific journals 
and geological reports by our most distinguished men. 
It is supposed that the meteoric (or rain) water, falling on 




64 SARATOGA. 



distant hills, perhaps, gradually percolates through porous 
layers of rocks, dissolving and absorbing minerals, until at 
length it reaches a strata impervious. Flowing along in its 
rocky channel it is confined, under great pressure, until it 
reaches some " geological fault " or ordinary fracture in the 
earth's crust, extending through several strata, through 
which it rises to the surface. 

The northern half of Saratoga county is occupied by 
elevated ranges of Laurentian rocks. The Potsdam, Cal- 
ciferous and Trenton beds border upon the Laurentian, and 
appear in parallel bands through the central part of the 
county. In the southern part they are covered by slate 
rocks. 

The Laurentian rocks, consisting of highly crystalline 
gneiss, granite and syenite, are almost impervious, while 
the overlying Potsdam is very porous and capable of hold- 
ing large quantities of water. The spouting springs and 
deep wells in the southern portion of the county — Geyser, 
Ballston, etc. — are found in the Potsdam sandstone, which 
being covered in those places by the slate rocks and shales 
is of great depth. 

The water rises doubtless by the force of its own car- 
bonic acid gas, for water will hold only its own volume of 
this gas unless subjected to pressure. Being confined 
under a heavy pressure in the interior of the earth, the 
moment the gas finds an opportunity to escape it rushes up, 
bringing the water with it. 

If these spouting springs are shut off for a moment the 
gas collects at the top of the tube in such quantities as to 
blow a steam whistle. It is probable that water can be 
obtained anywhere in the southern portion of the county 
by tapping the underlying Potsdam sandstone. 

It has been supposed by some that a vast reservoir of 
mineral water exists on the top of the Kayaderosseras moun- 



SARATOGA. 65 



tains and that these waters rise in Saratoga from hydro- 
static pressure. This theory has been abandoned by many. 

As the water is forced to the surface the pressure, of 
course, diminishes, and a portion of gas escapes with effer- 
vescence. The spouting wells throw up. large quantities 
of free gas, producing a perfect suds of carbonic acid and 
carburetted hydrogen gas and water. As soon as the ten- 
sion of the gas is diminished, the jet ceases, but spouts 
forth again when the gas has acquired new tension. 

The great Geyser, of Iceland, has a small eruption every 
two hours, but the large eruptions occur only once in 
twenty-four or thirty hours and last only a few moments, 
spouting over a hundred feet in the air. 

The Saratoga spouting springs are especially remarkable 
on account of their temperature, which is quite cold. 

The Temperature 

Of all the springs is above the mean temperature of the 
place, although coming from the interior of the earth where 
there is supposed to be more heat than at the surface. 
Their coldness is accounted for by the absorption of the 
heat in the chemical change which takes place in the 
formation of the mineral fluid. The solution of salines is 
always attended by a decrease of temperature. 

Physical Properties. 

When first dipped the water is remarkably limpid and 
sparkling, and were it not for the constant escape of gas in 
innumerable fine bubbles, it would be perfectly transpar- 
ent It, however, soon becomes turbid, a delicate white 
pellicle forms on its surface, which terminates in a reddish 
brown sediment. This sediment is likewise observable in 
the surroundings of the well, being incrusted on the walls 
of the curb, etc. 



6 



66 SARATOGA. 



Wherever the water stagnates around the springs the 
ground soon becomes covered by a mineral deposit, reflect- 
ing various colors and of a metallic splendor. Flour, when 
made into a paste or dough with the water fresh from the 
spring, and immediately baked, forms a tolerably light 
bread when warm ; but when cold it becomes clammy and 
heavy like unleavened bread. The water was formerly 
much used by natives for making " hot cakes." The flour 
is mixed with water and a quantity of sour cream, and is 
ready for baking as soon as the ingredients are sufficiently 
kneaded together. It forms a very palatable " hot cake " 
and recommends itself on account of the expedition with 
which it is prepared. " Ask your landlady for them." 

When drank, the first impression on the palate is agreea- 
bly pungent and acid, succeeded by a saline taste which, 
to mouths of little experience, may sometimes seem slightly 
nauseous. It afterward gives up eructations of gas like 
fermented liquors, soda water, etc. There is considerable 
difference in the taste of the different springs when drank 
at the fountains, which a practiced palate can at once dis- 
tinguish. The iron waters have a slightly inkish taste 
and some of the springs leave a sweet taste in the mouth. 

Soon after imbibing a considerable quantity of the water, 
the person feels a sense of fullness about the stomach, 
attended with frequent eructations of fixed air and gas, a 
slight giddiness of the head and a sensation bordering on 
a disposition to sleep. These feelings, however, are only 
slight, are by no means unpleasant, and are soon removed by 
the copious discharges which follow, leaving the individual 
with an increased appetite for food, and either a disposi- 
tion for moderate exercise or a feeling of perfect ease. 

The respiration of all breathing animals is immediately 
affected by coming in close contact with the surface of the 
water in the fountain. The gas which issues from there 



SARATOGA. 67 



is fatal to the lives of animals which happen to be im- 
mersed in them, and even fishes and frogs and trilobites 
and snakes survive but a short time when placed in the 
water — Eli Perkins to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The gas, though detrimental to animals when inhaled 
into the lungs is, in no way, injurious when taken into the 
stomach. 

The Discovery of the Springs. 

The age of the High Rock Spring, like that of fashion- 
able modern dames, is entirely unknown and beyond con- 
jecture. The water formed for itself a stone vase, far back 
in an age of which white men have no record ; perhaps 
when this continent was in its infancy. It was known to 
the Indians as the " Medicine spring of the Great Spirit." 

The next spring in point of discovery, and by far the 
most important, was the Congress Spring, discovered in 
1792, as it issued from an aperture in the rock. This foun- 
tain has always been esteemed as the most famous and 
delicious of all. Its proprietors have also manifested more 
public enterprise, and have contributed more to the growth 
and beauty of Saratoga (save, perhaps, good old Gideon 
Putnam), than all the hotels and springs in the valley. 

They have generously kept open a park which is the 
gem of the place ; and though they could easily sell every 
drop of the Congress water, they still offer it without money 
and without price to the crowds who visit the spring every 
morning. Such deserved popularity as this spring enjoys 
should be a matter of public commendation. 

This spring is the modern Pool of Bethesda. It has proved 
a boon to thousands, and those who have found in it foun- 
tains of health, and youth, and vigor have been from every 
section of the habitable globe. Freight agents and ex- 
pressmen all over the land have become familiar with the 



68 SARATOGA. 



brands of its boxes (it is never sold in barrels), and its 
name is a household word. 

" Sacred Font ! flow on for ever, 
Health on mankind still bestow, 
If a virgin woo thee, give her 
Rosy cheeks and beauty's glow ; 
If an old man, make him stronger, 
Suffering mortals soothe and save, 
Happier, send them home, and younger, 
All who quaff thy fervid wave ! " 

The older springs have been discovered either by traces 
of mineral matter on the surface of the ground or by 
experimental excavation. Usually they have been found 
in beds of blue marl, or clay rather, which cover the valley 
more or less throughout its whole extent. On digging in 
to this clay to any considerable depth, we are pretty certain 
to find traces of mineral water. In some places, at the 
depth of six or eight feet, it has been discovered issuing 
from a fissure or seam in the underlying limestone, while 
at other places it seems to proceed from a thin stratum of 
quicksand which is found to alternate with the marl at 
distances of from ten to forty feet, below which boulders 
of considerable size are found. 

The spouting springs have been found by experimental 
boring. As this is the cheaper and more certain method, 
it is " the popular thing " at present, and the day may not 
be far distant when all Saratoga will be punched through 
with artesian wells reaching hundreds of feet, if not 
through to China, and thus an open market made for the 
Saratoga waters among "the Heathen Chinee." 

Mr. Jesse Button, to whom we are indebted for both the 
Glacier and the Geyser springs, seems best to understand 
the process of successfully boring artesian wells, having 
made these his special study and profession. Like Moses 
of old, he strikes, or taps the rock, and behold, streams of 
water gush forth. 



SARATOGA. , QQ 



Are the Springs Natural? 

Is a. question that will probably seem absurd to those who 
are at all familiar with mineral springs or Saratoga waters. 
Nevertheless, it is a, not unfrequent and amusing occur- 
rence to hear remarks from strangers and greenies who 
have a preconceived notion that the springs are doctored, 
and that a mixture of salts, etc., is tipped in every night 
or early in the morning ! Strange that the art should be 
limited to the village of Saratoga ! The incredulity of 
some people is the most ridiculous credulity known. 
Such wonders as the spouting springs, the " strongest " in 
Saratoga, come from so small an orifice in the ground, as to 
preclude the least possibility of adulteration. Besides, 
the manufactured article would be too costly to allow such 
immense quantities to flow away unused. 

But to argue this question would be a reductio ad absur- 
dum. Nature is far better than the laboratory. Artificial 
waters may simulate the natural in taste and appearance, 
but fall far short of their therapeutic effects. 

The Commercial Value 

Of the various springs differs as widely as does people's 
estimate of their individual merits. Spring water prop- 
erty is very expensive. It costs large sums of money to 
manage some of the springs. The old method of tubing, 
by sinking a curb, may cost several thousand dollars, and 
is uncertain then. Moreover, it is no small work to keep 
the springs in perfect repair, and in a clean and pure 
condition. 

The artesian wells cost not far from $6 per foot for the 
boring, and are much less expensive. 

Most of the springs are owned by stock companies, with 
a capital ranging from several hundred thousand to a 



SARATOGA. 71 



million dollars. On dit that the proprietors of the Geyser 
Spring were offered $175,000 for their fountain, and proba- 
bly the Congress could not be purchased for quadruple 
that amount. It would not be a very profitable bargain if 
some of the springs could be bought for a song, even, and 
yet there is not enough mineral water in all the springs 
now discovered in the Saratoga valley to supply New York 
alone, if fraudulent sale of artificial waters was to be stopped. 
The only profit of the springs is in the sale of the water 
in bottles and barrels ; and as the method of bottling 
requires great care, and is expensive, the per cent of 
profit is not enormous. The use of mineral water, both as 
a beverage and for medicinal purposes, is increasing, and 
there may be " a good time coming," when all these springs 
will bring wealth to their owners, as they give health to 
the drinker. 

The Principal Constituents, 
Which give the special character to the Catharic S prings, 
are bicarbonates of magnesia and soda, and chloride of 
sodium ; the tonic waters, bicarbonate of iron ; the alter- 
ative waters, iodide of sodium, chloride of potassium and 
sodium, etc. ; the diuretic waters, bicarbonate of lithia and 
protoxide of hydrogen. 

Carbonic Acid 
The spirit of the springs, not only contributes to the solu- 
bility of the salts contained in the waters, but also renders 
them more palatable and more agreeable to the stomach. It 
is the perfect solution of the ingredients which renders the 
water valuable. When once the gas has been driven off 
and the water evaporated — ten times the quantity of rain 
water will not re-dissolve the salts. The strongest chaly- 
beates of Europe are the least used, because they lack gas, 
and are hence heavy and unpalatable. The strongest known 
in the whole world — the Acqua Ferrata de Rio, in the 



SARATOGA. 73 

island of Elba, is entirely useless for medicinal purposes. 
Tlie mineral waters of Saratoga contain more gas than any 
of the Spas of Germany. 

Carbonic acid, being united with the vegetable alkali, 
forms our common saleratus, hence the reason why our cooks 
furnish a well raised cake, merely by mixing flour with a 
solution of potash and sour milk, here the acid of the 
milk from a greater " attraction" joins itself to the alkali, 
liberating the carbonic acid gas,which being driven off by the 
heat, puffs up every particle of dough. In the same way 
foaming lemonade, more delicious than soda, is made by add- 
ing lemon juice to the mineral waters of Saratoga. Several 
years ago a woman realized a handsome income from her 
sales of " spring-water lemonade " at one of the springs. 

In mineral waters carbonic acid is found in three differ- 
ent states. It is either " bound " to certain bases, with 
which it forms carbonates ; from these the gas does not 
escape when it is heated ; or it is *' half-bound " or " fixed," 
forming ses-qui-carbonates or bicarbonates, from which 
compounds part of the gas is disengaged as soon as the 
water comes in contact with the air, and still more rapidly 
when it is heated ; so that certain salts only soluble as bi- 
carbonates, and insoluble as carbonates, are precipitated as 
soon as the surplus atoms of carbonic acid are gone ; 
finally it is contained in the waters " free " as gas, which 
escapes at the ordinary temperature, as soon as the water 
rises out of the earth, and the pressure under which it was 
held in the interior ceases. 

Before a storm it has been noticed that more gas is 
evolved, because the density of the air affects the atmos- 
pheric pressure. 

The gas seems only to travel through some of the springs, 
while others are very firmly impregnated with it. 

Bicarbonate of magnesia is a mild laxative and a good 




COTTAGES OF THE GRAND UNION HOTEL. 



SARATOGA. 75 



palliative in acid or sour stomach, heart-burn, and sick 
headache, especially if the person is constipated. 

Bicarbonate of soda first diminishes the secretions 
and subsequently increases them, the urine being most 
susceptible to its influence. It increases the alkalimity of 
the blood and of the secretions, and some physiologists 
tell us that it reduces the quantity of fibrin in the blood. 

Carbonate of iron increases the number of red cor- 
puscles in the blood, stimulates the appetite and excites 
the heart's action. It has a tendency to constipate. 

Chloride of sodium forms part of every tissue of the 
body except, perhaps, the enamel of the teeth. It increases 
the solubility of the albumen of the blood and prevents a 
too rapid destruction of the red corpuscles. It increases 
the flow of the gastric juice and bile, and promotes the 
interchange of the fluids in the body, which physiologists 
call osmosis. It augments the quantity of urine secreted. 
It is also known to exercise a marked influence on the 
growth of the hair. When an animal does not receive a 
proper quantity of salt, the hair becomes rough and wiry. 
In too large quantities it causes irritation of the stomach 
and intestines. A little boy once defined salt as " the stuff 
that makes victuals taste bad when you don't put on any." 

Chloride of potassium is common to the blood and to 
certain tissues, as the muscles and the red discs, while the 
chloride of sodium exists in the serum. Congress water 
contains eight grains of chloride of potassium — a similar 
proportion to that found in the blood. Its medicinal action 
is analogous to that of chloride of sodium. 

The other important ingredients are bicaroonate of 
lithia, the iodides and bromides, the bicarbonate of lime, 
etc. The great problem among physicians is how to cause 
their medicines to be absorbed when taken into the system. 
Many of the ingredients of mineral springs would be almost 




GRAND UNION BALL ROOM. 



SARATOGA. 77 



inert in a state of powder, but when held in solution in 
mineral water are admitted to the inner coats of all the 
blood vessels and are powerful alteratives of the entire 
system, as the experiments of Dr. Beaumont have clearly 
shown. 

There are two methods of testing an agent that is to be 
introduced into the materia medica, viz. : By carefully watch- 
ing and recording the therapeutical effects of the article on 
individuals and by chemical analysis. The latter criterion 
is probably a more fallacious guide than is generally sup- 
posed. How often has the practitioner been surprised at the 
augmented or diminished effect of some off-hand combina- 
tion that would be wholly unlooked for by estimating the 
separate agency of each article. So of mineral waters. 
Chemical analysis cannot decide the exact medicinal effe cts 
of a new spring independently of a faithful observation of 
its operations, for many medicines, such as oxyde of iron, 
carbonate of iron, phosphorus, etc., pass through the ali- 
mentary passages with very little absorption. 

The Analyses 

Which we present herewith have been made by Prof. C.F. 
Chandler, Ph. D., of the Columbia School of Mines, and 
now president of the Board of Health of New York. The 
most able professors of Europe say that the analysis of 
mineral waters is justly considered one of the most difficult 
problems in chemistry. 

The analyses which Dr. Chandler has furnished have 
been prepared with great labor, care and expense, and are 
the only ones which represent the waters as they are to-day. 

The minerals are contained in the Spas as salts ; chemi- 
cal analysis, however, merely shows the elements, the 
acids and the bases, which are present in the water, but 
not the mode of their combination. It has, therefore, often 




'Oti.eilG.HX. 



HOLDEN HOUSE. 





SARATOGA. 79 




happened that if several chemists have analyzed the same 
Spas and found the same ingredients, the tabular view of 
the contents given by them have, nevertheless, been differ- 
ent, as they adopted different modes of combination. 

Analysis of the Spring Waters of Saratoga, as analyzed by 

Prof. C. R Chandler, Ph. Z>., of the Columbia 

School of Mines. 






- to 

'S Q« 


£ ^ 


- to 

•r a, 


5^ 




458.299 
8.733 
1-307 
0.039 

Trace. 

2.605 

17.010 

109.685 

06.703 

Trace. 

1-703 

0.269 

1.818 

0.026 

Trace. 

0.324 

2.653 

Trace. 


506.630 

4.292 

0.266 
0.006 

Trace. 
2.080 
9.022 

42-953 
109.656 

Trace. 
0.075 

o.793 
2.769 
0.023 
Trace. 
0.418 

Trace. 


338.500 

16.989 

1.800 

0.042 

Trace. 

5-129 

67.617 

70.470 

140.260 

Trace. 

0.992 

Trace. 

Trace. 

1.280 

Trace. 


702 . 239 
40.446 

3-579 

0.234 

Trace. 

6.247 

17.624 

193.912 

227.070 

0.082 

2.083 

0.647 

0.252 

O.OIO 

Trace. 
0.458 
0.699 

Trace. 


Chloride of potassium 










Bicarbonate of magnesia 










Phosphate of soda ... 








Total solid contents 

Carbonic acid gas, in i gallon, 


701.174 

384.969 
4 8°F. 


680.436 

344.669 
48°F. 


644.627 

361.500 
4 8°F. 


1195-582 

465.468 
4 8°F. 


Temperature .' 








i 



80 



SARATOGA. 



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SARATOGA. 83 



Caution. 

" Mineral waters contain, in all probability, many agents 
which we cannot imitate by artificial combinations. This 
is proved by every day's observation. Thus, the saline 
aperient mineral waters will produce ten times more effect 
than the identical materials artificially dissolved and mixed. 
The same is true with respect to the Chalybeate Springs. A 
grain of iron in them is more tonic than twenty grains 
exhibited according to the pharmacopaeia." * 

The Chemistry of Man. 

A chemist and physiologist thus gives the chemistry of 
man versus Congress water : 

" Here is a man who .weighs 140 pounds. I select him 
because he is convenient as a water-meter. Stand him up 
and let us look at him. Physiologists tell us that this man 
is made up of 100 pounds of water and 40 pounds of solids 
(strictly, 101 and 39). With all his firmness and apparent 
strength, and though he may look as dry and tanned as 
leather, and as tough, he is 70 per cent water. Burn him, 
and all you will get is a few ashes, the rest will have con- 
sumed and evaporated. Of the 40 pounds of solids, about 
one-half (say 20 pounds) being carbon, will burn, but nearly 
30 of the 40 will actually disappear, and what you will have 
left will be about 10 pounds of bones, or bone ashes ; eight 
pounds of these bones will be found to be the phosphate of 
lime, one pound the carbonate of lime, and a little over five 
ounces the phosphate of magnesia. There are, also, from 
other parts of the body, about five ounces phosphate of 
potash, and certain small portions (counted in grains) 
amounting from a quarter of an ounce to one and two 
ounces of the following mineral constituents, to wit : Phos- 

Dr. James Johnson, of London. 



84 SARATOGA. 



phate of soda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, 
oxide of iron, carbonate of soda, sulphate of potash. 

" So, if we take out the fibrine and omit the lime (which 
is ir? excess), this man is about equal to a bottle of Congress 
water, with only some slight differences in the proportions 
of ingredients. Seventy -two (72) per cent of him is water, 
and the rest you may reduce to oxygen and its compounds, 
and the above-mention ed minerals." 

The Medicinal Action 

Of mineral waters differs in almost every respect from that 
of cathartics and diuretics, or eliminators in the materia 
medica. Medicines frequently act by counter-irritation, 
curing one organ by exciting and irritating another. 
Ordinary cathartics, diuretics and diaphoretics are com- 
posed of substances foreign to the system, and they act 
partly by their poisonous effects. The most important in- 
gredients of the Saratoga waters are natural to the body, 
and are also powerful oxydizers of the disintegrated tis- 
sues, carrying out of the body the waste matter. Mineral 
waters are similar to the blood, minus its organic constitu- 
ents, and are true restorative medicines, as well as powerful 
modifiers of the tissues themselves ; and these properties, 
and their gentle mode of action, constitute no small degree 
of their extraordinary merit. 

Saratoga water is a cholagogue in its properties — that is, 
it stimulates the action of the liver, and promotes the excre- 
tion of bile. Certain matters are secreted by that organ, 
which, if allowed to remain in the system, produce such 
diseases as jaundice. A great number of intestinal dis- 
eases and blood disorders are associated with derangements 
of the functions of the liver. 

The waters are not only laxative or apperient, but are 
also diuretic, antacid, deobstruent, alterative and tonic. 




RESIDENCE OF MRS. G. R. PUTNAM. 
J. S. Stevens & Vaughan, Architects. 




RESIDENCE OF JUDGE LESTER. 
J. S. Stevens & Vaughan, Architects. 



86 SARATOGA. 



They increase the force of the heart and arteries, promote 
digestion, favor the action of the nutrient vessels, increase 
the peristaltic movement of the bowels, cleanse the system 
through the grandular organs, and impart strength and 
vigor. 

The Diseases, 

In which the water is specially beneficial, are very numer- 
ous. For instance, constipation, indigestion, liver and 
kidney difficulties, sterility, rheumatism, scrofula, cutane- 
ous eruptions, gout, paralysis, female diseases, acidity of 
the stomach, worms, hemorrhoids, calculi, sleeplessness, 
chronic diarrhoea, etc. It is a common occurrence for 
people who have been unable to take more than the 
lightest food for months and years — subsisting on tea and 
crackers, perhaps — after a few weeks course of Saratoga 
waters, to be able to attack plum cake, ice creams and 
other like indiscretions of renovated youth. 

The public have long since decided that, in a vast 
majority of diseases, the waters should be taken with a 
primary regard to their cathartic properties. Although 
they unavoidably produce at the same time diuretic, deob- 
struent and even tonic effects, yet it is their impression on 
the bowels which seems to make the most palpable inroad 
on existing disease, and at the same time, excites the atten- 
tion and confidence of the individual. 

The waters are of great service in many chronic dis- 
eases due to a habit of the system, as gout, rheumatism and 
oxalemia. The good effects of these mineral waters is 
partly due to the simple water which compose their great 
bulk, and their relative medicinal value is not always in 
exact ratio to the quantity of their solid ingredients. Of 
this quantity of water a large share passes off by the kid- 
neys, carrying with it the urea and reducing the fats. 
The water also assists in the oxydation of the lactic acid 



I 

SARATOGA. 87 



into carbonic acid and water. It is a general opinion among 
physicians that rheumatism is due to an excess of lactic 
acid in the system, and hence the benefit derived from 
mineral waters. 

In those chronic diseases of the digestive organs, when 
the circulation is languid and there is mental depression 
and muscular inactivity, large quantities of spring water 
will be useful, and by cleansing the blood and increasing 
the oxydation in the secondary digestion will invigorate 
the whole system. 

Persons troubled with vertigo from a sluggish circula- 
tion accompanied by gout, rheumatism or gravel, should 
drink large quantities before breakfast daily. 

They are remedies especially adapted to adult persons 
and to persons at middle age, when life is ebbing. 

Those persons who do not consume much fluid depend 
upon the absorbent power of the skin to supply them with 
fluids, but when they grow old their skin becomes dry and 
cannot, therefore, supply them with the same quantity of 
fluid in this manner, and they must drink more water. 
In all such cases mineral waters are better than any thing 
else. 

Chronic catarrh of the larynx is often cured by a course 
of mineral waters, when it has resisted all previous treat- 
ment by drugs. Their effect is marked upon those who 
follow routine life, as they seem to break up the unhealthy 
habits, into which the system is so liable to fall. 

A continued position from day to day at a desk or chair 
may produce more or less derangement of the vascular 
system, which mineral waters cure. They are specially 
adapted to females, though, from their habits of life, there 
is more difficulty in increasing the appetite and digestion 
of women than men. 

Hemorrhoids occur when the circulation in the lower 



88 



SARATOGA. 



branches of the portal system is sluggish. There is first 
enlargement of contiguous veins which are situated in very 
loose tissue. They are irritated by fecal accumulations. 
They inflame and form hardened masses. Stimulate the 
whole portal circulation by mineral waters and this whole 
mass will be absorbed. It is all the more certain to do 
this when they inflame the hemorrhoids at first. All the 
pelvic viscera may be affected by mineral waters. They 
are useful in chronic cystetis or inflammation of the blad- 
der, especially when patients have to rise often in the night. 

The Hamilton water is good in stricture of the uretha, 
and for enlarged prostate in old men. Elderly men thus 
affected are greatly benefited by a six weeks' residence at 
Saratoga annually. 

It is recorded that during the revolutionary war, while 
the troops lay at Saratoga, many of those afflicted with par- 
asitical skin diseases were sent to the springs in companies, 
and were invariably cured. 

Among the inhabitants of Saratoga worms and scrofula 
are very rare. 

Many cases of sterility are cured by mineral water, while 
other cases are not benefited. 

In many diseases of the lower extremities, dependent 
upon sluggishness of the liver as sciatica, and in lumbago 
and ague, etc., mineral waters go direct to the source of the 
malady. In chronic ulcers and varicose veins they are of 
benefit. In such cases the indication is to increase the 
interchange between the fluids in the capillaries and the 
fluids in the tissues outside. This interchange in the blood 
is increased by the increase of the saline matter in the 
blood which stimulates absorption and increases secretion. 

In chronic catarrh and in chronic bronchitis not due to 
consumption, not accompanied by spasmodic asthma, espe- 
cially in those cases where the veins of the face are dilated 




Dr. L. E. WHITING, 

The oldest resident Physician. 



SARATOGA. 89 



by paroxysms of coughing, a course of mineral water i3 of 
some service. The value of mineral waters has been shown 
in the treatment of obscure and chronic diseases. In many 
instances persons have been restored to health by mineral 
waters when all other means had proved of no avail. It 
should be remembered, also, that many who indulge in dis- 
sipation while drinking the waters somehow or other are 
improved in health by mineral waters. 

To repeat all the disorders which they have been known 
to benefit, would be very nearly to copy the sad list of ail- 
ments to which our creaky frames are subject. 

In short, spring water is good for the stomach, good for 
the skin, good for ladies of all possible ages, and for all 
sorts and conditions of men. 

One disease it may not cure — alas, how common ! 

There is an aching void in every heart, 
The sad attendant of man's weary life — 
For all disease else, kind nature gives 
Some healing draught. For this there'3 none ; 
Earth yields no balm for this. 

But after all the attractions, amusements and society 
of Saratoga are about the best calculated of any thing to 
" drive dull care away." 

Directions for Use. 
The late Dr. Steel wrote in 1837 : " The waters are so 
generally used, and their effects so seldom injurious, par- 
ticularly to persons in health, that almost everyone who 
has ever drank of them assumes the prerogative of direct- 
ing their use to others ; were these directions always the 
result of careful experience and observation they would 
be less objectionable ; but there are numerous persons who 
flock about the springs without any positive knowledge of 
the composition and effect of the waters, who contrive to 
dispose of their directions, many times to the detriment of 



90 



SARATOGA . 



those who desire to be benefited, but who are thus disap- 
pointed in the use of the water." 

It is hardly possible to lay down all rules for any of the 
springs, there is so much individuality in each case, so 
much that requires special attention, and the special direc- 
tion of a physician, that in almost any case advice should 
be obtained from some of the physicians who devote par- 
ticular attention to the waters. At the present time Dr. 
Whiting, who has practiced medicine at Saratoga longer 
than any one else, devotes a large share of his practice to 
advice in regard to drinking the waters. 

It is proper to add that we make this allusion to him 
without any solicitation from him, and even without his 
knowledge, and we do so simply because we understand 
that he makes the waters his specialty, and not to dispar- 
age the numerous excellent physicians at Saratoga. 

The standard rule is, that wheji drinking the waters for 
cathartic purposes they should be taken before breakfast 
in the morning. In many cases it is also advisable to drink 
one or two glasses at night before retiring, followed by a 
larger quantity in the morning. Even this rule is not 
always the best for every one. Some find it better to 
drink the water an hour before breakfast, others only a 
few moments. 

Some people have stomachs of so cold and torpid a habit 
that they need the most active and exciting remedies. 
Others have such exquisitely irritable nerves that they 
need anodyne medicines if they attempt to drink what are 
called the " stronger " waters. The bowels of these people 
may be thrown into great pain and distension by a few 
tumblers taken in the morning at some of the springs. 
They are foolish if they conclude at once that no Saratoga 
water will help them. Gradual loss of appetite, sense of 
fullness and oppression, feverishness, and sometimes 



SARATOGA. 9 1 



cholera morbus, indicate that the waters need to be sus- 
pended for a time, or a less exciting spring should be 
selected. 

Saratoga is proverbially a hungry place, and a powerful 
appetite is usually produced by the waters. It is the 
interest of the boarding-houses to provide an inviting 
table. There are cases in which a stimulating diet is nec- 
essary, but the craving appetite of the valetudinarian 
should be guarded. 

"Even here, let not 
The thoughtless fashion of the giddy crowd 
Tempt thee too far." 

For cathartic purposes from two to four glasses are usu- 
ally sufficient, drank within a short interval and only a few 
minutes before breakfast. Many physicians attribute the 
cathartic effect to the " stimulus of distension " as well as 
to the absorption of the mineral properties, and for this 
purpose the water should not be sipped, but drank. Before 
eating, the sipping of a little tea or coffee will make the 
waters more efficacious. 

None of the cathartic waters should be drank in large 
quantities immediately before, during or within two hours 
after meals, as they are then liable to disturb digestion and 
prevent nutrition. 

The enormous quantities of water which some persons 
imbibe at the popular springs is perfectly shocking, and 
can only be injurious. It is no uncommon occurrence to 
see persons drink from five to ten glasses of Congress or 
Hathorn water with scarcely any interval, and the writer 
has heard of a lady who swallowed within a few minutes 
fourteen glasses of one of the springs. It is to be pre- 
sumed that her thirst was satisfied, as no further account 
of her has been given. 



92 



SARATOGA. 



Aphorisms. 

Do not mix the drinks. 

A moderate use of the waters will be found most 
beneficial. 

The diet should be liberal, but an abundance of vegeta- 
bles should be avoided, and only those which are perfectly 
fresh should be used. 

As an alterative, the waters should be drank in small 
quantities during the day. 

The iron waters are liable to cause headache when taken 
before breakfast. They may be used with benefit before, 
or after, dinner or tea. From one-half to one glass is all 
that is necessary. 

The diuretic waters should be drank before meals, and 
at night, and should not be followed by warm drinks. 
Walking and other exercise increase the diuretic effect. 

Attention to system should characterize the use of these 
as of other remedies. 

It is impossible to give complete and invariable directions 
for drinking any of the waters. 

The experience and necessities of each individual can 
alone determine many things in regard to their use. 

It is advisable to consult some experienced resident 
physician. 

Bathing in mineral water will be found frequently bene- 
ficial. 

Raising the temperature of the water by placing a bottle 
of it in boiling water, makes it more efficacious as a cathar- 
tic. It is also said to precipitate the iron. 



Counter Indications. 

According to good medical authority, the waters are 
counter indicated in 



SARATOGA. 93 



1. All acute inflammations of any organ or structure j 
whatever. 

2. In organic diseases of the heart or great vessels. 

3. In confirmed cases of consumption and cancer. 
When suffering from a " cold," the cathartic and diuretic 

waters should be avoided. They have a tendency to aggra- 
vate the " cold." 

When fatigued, especially early in the day, it is not well 
to drink large quantities. 

Except in very small quantities, and under fully compe- 
tent medical advice, mineral waters are positively forbidden 
in all malignant diseases. This may be called the first 
axiom in hydrology, and completely disposes of all cancer 
cases. In true cancer, the fatal end is all the sooner brought 
about by the use of mineral waters, often with frightful 
rapidity. In cases sometimes mistaken for cancer, even by 
skillful surgeons, the cure of the case by mineral waters 
decides at once that it was not cancer. 

THE -ETNA SPRING 

Is the name given to a spouting well recently discovered 
on the margin of the little lake near Geyser Spring, and 
just across the water from the Triton well. As the spring 
has not been open to the public, we are unable at present 
to describe its properties. 

CONGRESS SPRING, 

In Congress Park, just below Congress Hall. Congress and 
Empire Spring Company are the proprietors. The New 
York office is at 94 Chambers street. 

History. 
Congress Spring was discovered in 1792, by a party of 
three gentlemen, who were out upon a hunting excursion. 
Among the party was John Taylor Gilman, an ex-member 



96 SARATOGA. 



of Congress from New Hampshire. Probably in that day, 
office conferred more honor than at the present time, and 
as a compliment to so distinguished a person, the spring 
was then and there christened the Congress. The atten- 
tion of the hunters was attracted to the spot by the foot- 
prints of large numbers of deer, the first patrons, it seems, 
of the sparkling water. Although more especially esteemed 
by pretty dears of a different character at the present day, 
the liquid-eyed fawn, who grace Congress Park, are among 
those who take their daily rations. At the time of dis- 
covery, the low ground about the spring was a mere swamp, 
and the country in the immediate vicinity a wilderness. 
We are told the deer frequently come with their little 
fawns and drink out of tumblers like christian folk, and in 
their innocent pretty ways show their appreciation of the 
beverage. The water issued in a small stream, from an 
aperture which resembled a worn hole in one of those large 
masses of silicious lime rock which compose the upper 
stratum of the formation at this place, and which formed 
the margin of a small book. The water was caught by 
pressing a glass to the side of the rock. The flow of 
water was only about one quart per minute. 

Undertaking to protect the spring by proper tubing, 
which was attempted a few years after its discovery, it was 
temporarily lost ; but, at length, by the genius of Gideon 
Putnam, the projector and first proprietor of Union Hall, 
and the founder of Congress Hall, it was reclaimed. Ob- 
serving bubbles of gas rising to the surface of the brook, 
within a few feet of the spot at which the water was first 
observed to flow, he caused the stream to be turned aside 
into an artificial channel ; a shaft was then sunk in the 
empty bed of the brook, and by means of a tube of pine 
planks a copious supply of the mineral water was secure 1. 

From the date of its recovery (1804) to the present time 



98 SARATOGA. 



this celebrated spring lias been the center of attraction at 
Saratoga. Its name has become a household word through- 
out the land, and the whole civilized world are its customers. 

At one time Mr. Putnam had three large potage kettles 
evaporating the water. Tl\e salts thus precipitated were 
sold in small packages to the amount of several hundred 
dollars. It was not long, however, before it was discovered 
that Congress water was not obtained by re-dissolving the 
salts, as might have been expected if the nature of the 
water had been considered. 

About the year 1820, Dr John Clarke, the proprietor of 
the first soda fountain opened in this country, purchased 
the Congress Spring property. By him the water was first 
bottled for transportation and sale, and to him the village 
is indebted for much of its beauty and attractiveness. 

The simple and tasteful Doric colonnade over the Con- 
gress, and the pretty Grecian dome over the Columbian 
were erected by him. Dr. Clarke realized a handsome 
income from the sale of the water. He died in 1846, but 
the property continued in the hands of his heirs, under the 
firm name of Clarke & White, until 1865, when it was pur- 
chased by an incorporated company, under the title of 
" Congress and Empire Spring Company." The capital is 
$1,000,000, and the company is composed of a large number 
of individual stockholders. The present proprietors of 
Congress Spring have contributed not a little to the beauty 
and attractiveness of this favorite watering place. 

Crowds gather round the fountain in the early summer 
morning to win appetite for breakfast and life for the pleas- 
ures of the day. Old and young, sick and well, everybody, 
drinks, for the Congress fountain is as much the morning 
exchange as the ball-room is the resort at evening. 



SARATOGA. 99 



Medicinal Properties. 

The Saratoga waters have acquired their high reputation 
from the virtues of Congress Spring. Our chapter on the 
medicinal action of mineral waters, and the diseases in 
which they are beneficial, is the result of experiments and 
observations with Congress Water, and gives a more elab- 
orate statement of its properties. To say that any water 
resembles Congress Spring, is to give it the highest possi- 
ble commendation. 

When taken before breakfast the water is a pleasant and 
very effective cathartic. Drank in moderate quantities 
throughout the day, it is a delightful, wholesome beverage, 
its effects being alterative and slightly tonic. It is success- 
fully used in affections of the liver and kidneys ; and for 
chronic constipation, dyspepsia and gout it is highly valued. 
It has been employed in cases of venal calculi with de- 
cidedly beneficial results. 

Invalids have been often surprised and delighted, after 
using the waters a few weeks, to find themselves rapidly 
gaining flesh and strength ; the real secret of their improve- 
ment being in the effect of the water, which greatly increases 
the power of assimilation, thereby securing a larger pro- 
portion of the nutrition contained in food, much of which 
is lost when the digestive functions have become impaired. 
In cases of chronic dyspepsia, a persevering use of the 
water, with proper dietetic restrictions, and suitable atten- 
tion to the ordinary rules of health, gives the sufferer a 
speedy sense of relief, and in the end is certain to eradicate 
the disease, with its attendant miseries. 

As a general renovater and preserver of health, as a 
home remedy at once innocent and efficient, Congress 
Water is of incalculable value. It is prescribed by the 
faculty in certain diseases with as much confidence as any 
preparation known to the apothecary. 



SARATOGA. 101 



Where there is a debilitated condition of the stomach 
and bowels, resulting in chronic diai'rhcea, the water pro- 
duces free dejections, without languor or debility, thus re- 
moving the foetid and irritating accumulations induced by 
the inflated state of the system, and which provoke the 
disease ; and it also acts as a gentle stimulant, by which 
the digestive functions are improved, and such additional 
strength imparted to the body as enables nature success- 
fully to combat with the disease. 

The use of the water as a cathartic is also beneficial in 
jaundice, the various forms of neuralgia, enlargement of 
the liver and spleen, rheumatic affections, cutaneous dis- 
eases, and in nearly all disorders occasioned by that round 
of fashionable indulgences generally termed " high living." 
Instead of causing nausea or disturbance of the stomach, 
as is the effect of ordinary cathartics, the water, while it 
produces copious evacuations, seems at the same time to 
invigorate the whole system, giving a' relish for the coarsest 
and most common articles of food. The freedom from 
griping pains, which is noticeable in the cathartic opera- 
tions of the water, is owing to the sedative effects of the 
carbonic acid gas, which also tends to prevent that sense of 
languor usually accompanying the operation of ordinary 
medicines of this class. 

Prof. C. F. Chandler, of the New York Board of Health, 
says that the peculiar excellence of Congress water 
is due to the fact that it contains, in the most desir- 
able proportions, those substances which produce its 
agreeable flavor and satisfactory medicinal effects ; neither 
holding them in excess, nor lacking any constituent to 
be desired in this class of waters," and he recommends this 
water as a cathartic above all others, on account of its 
almost entire freedom from iron, which is frequently irri- 
tating and constipating, and when largely present in min- 



SARATOGA. 103 



eral waters requires more of the saline properties in order 
to give them a cathartic effect. Most of the Saratoga 
waters generally contain a larger percentage of iron. 

In submitting a new analysis (which appears elsewhere), 
Prof. Chandler writes : " A comparison of this with the 
analysis made by Dr. John H. Steel, in 1832, proves that 
Congress water still retains its original strength, and all 
the virtues which established its well merited reputation." 

Bottling the Water. 

It should be remembered that the water of this spring is 
sold in bottles only. What purports to be Congress water, 
for sale on draught in various places throughout the country, 
is not genuine. The artificial preparations thus imposed 
upon the public may have a certain resemblance in taste 
and appearance, but are frequently worse than worthless 
for medicinal purposes. 

COLUMBIAN SPRING, 

In Congress Park, under the Grecian Dome, near the Con- 
gress spring; Congress and Empire Spring Co., proprietors. 

History and Peculiarities. 

This spring was opened in 1806 by Gideon Putnam. The 
water issues from the natural rock, about seven feet below 
the surface of the ground, and is protected by heavy wooden 
tubing. It is the most popular spring among the residents 
of Saratoga. The escaping bubbles of free carbonic acid 
gas give to the fountain a boiling motion. Large quanti- 
ties of the gas can easily be collected at the mouth of the 
spring at any time. 

Properties. 

It is a fine chalybeate or iron water, possessing strong 
tonic properties. It also has a diuretic action, and is exten- 



1 04 SARATOGA. 



sively used for that purpose. The water is recommended 
to be drank in small quantities frequently during the day, 
generally preceded by the use of the cathartic waters taken 
before breakfast. 

Only from one-half to one glass should be taken at a 
time. When taken in large quantities, or before breakfast, 
its effects might remind one of that great race in northern 




COLUMBIAN SPRING. 



and central Europe — the Teutonic (too tonic). A peculiar 
headache would certainly be experienced. 

The proper use of this water is found to strengthen the 
tone of the stomach, and to increase the red particles of the 
blood which, according to Liebig, perform an important 
part in respiration. It has been proved by actual experi- 



SARATOGA. 105 



ments that the number of red particles of the blood may be 
doubled by the use of preparations of iron. 

Though containing but 3.26 grains of iron in one gallon 
of wa'.er — Prof. Chandler's analysis — it is an evident and 
remarkable fact that the water thus weakly impregnated 
has a most perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much 
to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so exten- 
sive a power of affecting the palate should possess equally 
extensive influence over the whole system ? Many minerals 
in a diluted state of solution may pass easily through the 
absorbents, while, in a more concentrated state, they may 
be excluded. Carbonic acid gas, for instance, when diluted, 
is readily inhaled, but when concentrated, acts in a peculiar 
manner upon the wind-pipe, so as to prevent its admission. 
So, the happy medicinal effects of these iron waters seem 
to consist, to some extent, in the minute division of the 
mineral properties, so that they are readily taken into the 
system. 

THE CRYSTAL SPRING 

Is under the southern extremity of the Grand Hotel. The 
proprietors have named it the Crystal Spring, from the 
crystalline appearance of the water, which does not rise to 
the surface, but is pumped up from a depth of several feet. 
It was discovered in 1870 by experimental excavation. The 
characteristic, and to many, disagreeable odor of sulphur- 
etted hydrogen is readily perceived. Sulphur veins, or 
iron pyrites, are found in all sections of this valley ; one of 
the most provoking problems of the owners of the springs 
being to keep their fountains from a sulphur taint, the 
quantity and quality of which is not considered beneficial, 
while it injures the sale of the bottled water. 

The Crystal Spring is somewhat alterative in its rathe- 
peutic effect. 



106 SARATOGA. 



THE ELLIS SPRING 

Is near the railroad, between the Glacier and Geyser 
Springs. It has been known for a long time. The water 
flows through the slate rock, and unlike any other spring at 
Saratoga, issues in a horizontal direction from the side of 
the hill. It is a very fine chalybeate, but is not bottled. 

EMPIRE SPRING, 

Situated on Spring avenue, at the head of Circular street, 
and near the base of a high limestone bluff, in the northerly 
part of the village, a few rods above the Star Spring, and 
about three-fourths of a mile from the Congress. Owned 
by the Congress and Empire Spring Company. O. H. 
Cromwell, Superintendent. 

History. 

Mineral water was known to trickle down the bank at 
this point ever since the land was cleared of its primitive 
shrubs. It was not till the year 1846 that the fountain was 
taken in charge. The tubing is eleven feet and fits closely 
to the rock. Messrs. Weston & Co., the early proprietors, 
made extensive improvements in the grounds surrounding, 
planting shade trees, etc., and during the past year the 
opening of Spring avenue has rendered the place more 
attractive. 

Properties. 

The water of this spring has a general resemblance to 
that of the Congress. In the cathartic effects of the two 
waters the difference is scarcely appreciable, although from 
the presence of a larger quantity of magnesia in the Con- 
gress, its operation is perhaps somewhat more pungent. 
The Empire is highly esteemed for the treatment of obscure 
and chronic diseases requiring alterative and diuretic 
remedies. It is also recommended as a preventive or 



108 SARATOGA. 

remedy for the diseases natural to warm climates, especially 
intermittent, gastric and bilious fevers, dysenteries and 
disorders of the liver. The directions for using are the 
same as for the Congress. 

It cannot be predicted with certainty in any instance, 
which water, as a cathartic, will be most effective, and, after 
trial and comparison of the effects of both waters, the 
preference is frequently given to this. The water is espe- 
cially adapted to the successful treatment of rheumatism 
and gout, cutaneous diseases, etc. It acts freely as a 
cathartic without producing the debility, pain and nausea 
that usually attend the use of cathartic drugs, gives vigor 
to the circulation, removes constipation, creates an appetite 
and promotes a healthy condition of all the secretions and 
excretions of the system. 

EUREKA MINERAL SPRING 

Is situated on Lake avenue, and on Spring avenue, about a 
mile east of Broadway, and a few rods beyond the Excel- 
sior Spring. Eureka Spring Co., proprietors. A. R. Dyett, 
Esq., President. 

The location of the spring is in the midst of very roman- 
tinc and picturesque scenery, embracing a beautiful park of 
some twenty-five acres. Since the water was analyzed the 
fountain has been retubed, and its quality improved. It is 
serviceable in dyspepsia and all diseases and affections of 
the liver and kidneys, and is classed among saline and 
cathartic waters. 

It resembles in taste and appearance the other Saratoga 
waters. The New York office of the Eureka Spring Com- 
pany, for the sale of their bottled water, is at No. 7 Hud- 
son R. R. R. Depot, Varick street. Mr. Benj. J. Levy is the 
agent. 

Within a few steps of the Eureka, and belonging to the 



SARATOGA. \QQ 



same company, is the White Sulphur Spring and bathing- 
house. The water of the White Sulphur Spring is an 
hepatic water of an excellent character, possessing, as the 
company claim, every essential element to render it equal 
for internal use to the best White Sulphur waters in this 
State, and far superior to most of them. The company 
have erected a commodious bath-house, containing fifty 
bath-rooms, with every convenience for warm and cold 
baths, at a moderate price. 

Frequent omnibuses convey passengers to and from these 
springs foi a reasonable fare. 

EUREKA WHITE SULPHUR SPRING 

Is about a mile east of Broadway and only a few rods dis- 
tant from the Eureka Mineral and the Ten Springs. Lake 
avenue and Spring avenue lead directly to it. 

THE EXCELSIOR SPRING 

Is found in a beautiful valley, amid most romantic scenery, 
about a mile east of the town hall, and near the center of 
what will hereafter be known as " Excelsior Park." The 
principal entrance to this spring is on Lake avenue, about 
half a mile east of Circular street. Another route is via 
Spring avenue, by which we pass a majority of the other 
springs, and also the Loughberry water-works, which sup- 
ply the village of Saratoga Springs with water from the 
Excelsior Lake by the celebrated Holly system. Just 
before us, as we reach a point where the avenue turns 
toward the Excelsior, is the fine summer hotel known as 
the Mansion House, and the pretty cottage residence of Mr. 
Henry Lawrence. 

History. 
The Excelsior Spring has been appreciated for its valua- 
ble qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Saratoga for 



110 



SARATOGA 



at least half a century. The water, however, was not gen- 
erally known to the public until in 1859, when Mr. H. H. 
Lawrence, the former owner, and father of the present pro- 
prietors, retubed the spring at a considerable expense, hav- 
ing excavated it to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of 
which are in the solid rock. By this improvement the 
water flows with all its properties undeteriorated, retaining 
from source to outlet its original purity and strength. 
Since then, the present proprietors, under the firm of A. R. 
Lawrence & Co., by a new and improved method of bottling 




and barreling the Excelsior water under its own hydro- 
static pressure, have given it an increased reputation, and 
it is rapidly attaining a wide-spread popularity. 

Properties. 

The water of this spring is a pleasant cathartic, and has 
also alterative and tonic properties, and is moreover a very 
delightful beverage. Two or three glasses in the morning 
is the dose as a cathartic. As an alterative and diuretic, it 
should be taken in small quantities during the day. We 



SARATOGA. 1 1 1 



have seen stronger commendations of this water from the 
highest medical authorities than of any other. 

Exportation of the Water. 

After a refreshing draught from this sparkling and deli- 
cious fountain, let us not fail to examine the proprietors' 
peculiar and very perfect method of bottling and barreling 
the Excelsior water by its own hydrostatic pressure. Enter- 
ing their handsome brick bottling house, we find our way 
to a capacious and well-lighted cellar, in which we discover 
a perpendicular opening some ten feet in diameter. In this 
subterranean chamber the process of filling is performed 
at a point twelve feet below the surface of the spring. 

To this point the Excelsior water is conveyed from the 
spring by means of a block tin pipe, through which it runs 
into reservoirs lowered into the chamber for that purpose. 
These reservoirs are strong oak barrels lined with pure 
block tin in such a manner as to be perfectly gas-tight and 
furnished with two tubes, one quite short and the other 
extending from the top to the bottom of the reservoir. 
By filling the reservoirs through the long tube by the 
simple weight of the water, the air is excluded, while the 
gas is not allowed to escape. When sold on draught, it is 
only necessary to connect the long tube with the draught- 
tube, and the short tube with an air pump, when the water 
can be forced out by the pressure of the air, and will flow 
forth sparkling and delicious as at the spring, without 
being recharged with gas. 

The Bottling House of the Excelsior spring is the 
most complete in its appointments of any at Saratoga. 
One of its peculiar features is the underground vaults 
outside of, but connected by iron doors with, the main cel- 
lar. In these vaults is stored the bottled water, secure 



112 SARATOGA. 



alike from winter's frost or summer's heat, until packed 
for market. 

Having concluded our investigation, and tarried to notice 
the Union, Minnehaha and other springs which bubble 
up in this immediate vicinity, we have now the choice of 
continuing along the banks of a winding stream to the 
Eureka and White Sulphur Springs, or of returning by 
the way of Lake avenue. But should we prefer the 
healthful exercise of walking, we may dismiss our car- 
riage and stroll into those magnificent woods that border 
the hill and valley for half a mile between Excelsior 
Spring and the village. Through them there is a wide and 
shady path, well known to visitors who love the pictur- 
esque, and along its winding way is found the shortest 
walk to the center of the village. 

" Nor is the stately scene without 

Its sweet secluded treasures, 
Where hearts that shun the crowd may find 

Their own exclusive pleasures ; 
Deep charming shades, for pensive thought, 

The hours to wear away in, 
And vaulted isles of whispering pines 

For lovers' feet to stray in. 

The beauty of this region would seem to indicate it as 
the proper site for the future Central Park of Saratoga. 

THE GEYSER SPOUTING SPRING 

Is about a mile and a half below the village, on the Ballston 

road, and near the railroad. Business address, " Geyser 

Spring." 

History. 

This wonderful mineral fountain was discovered in Feb- 
ruary, 1870. There had been indications of mineral water 
in this neighborhood, which had been noticed for a long 
time. The building, which is now used as a bottling house, 
and beneath which the spring was found, was used as a 
bolt factory. The proprietors, after due deliberation, 



114 SARATOGA. 

determined to bore for a spring. They were successful, 
and when they had reached a point 140 feet below the 
surface rock, they struck the mineral vein. The water 
immediately burst forth with vehemence, and the marvel- 
ous phenomenon of a spouting spring was established. 

The orifice bored in the rock is five and a half inches in 
diameter and 140 feet deep. The tubing is a block tin 
pipe, encased with iron, eighty-five feet in length and two 
inches in diameter. The diameter of the orifice of the tube 
is three- eighths of an inch. The tube is firmly secured at 
the bottom, and " seed bags " are filled in around it, so 
that all the water and gas is compelled to enter the tube, 
thereby preventing the possibility of adulteration. The 
fact that the spring is located 140 feet beneath the solid 
rock renders it free from all impurities of surface waters. 

Peculiarities. 

The water is thrown up by the action of its own carbonic 
acid gas, with great force, producing a fountain jet very 
attractive in appearance. The height of the fountain is 
twenty-five feet. A portion of the stream is allowed to 
flow through a hollow globe of glass, and large bubbles of 
gas, of a bright pearl color, rising in rapid succession 
through the water, form a beautiful addition to the attrac- 
tiveness of the fountain. The curious will find an oppor- 
tunity to obtain a sniff of pure gas at a wooden tube, near 
the bottling room, where water is drawn for bottling. 

It is noticeable that when a portion of the stream is 
allowed to flow through another tube to the bottling room 
the fountain spouts to an unusual height. 

Properties. 

The water, shown by the analysis, is a powerful cathartic 
and contains a larger amount of valuable medicinal piop- 



SARATOGA. 115 



erties than any other spring at Saratoga. The dose is 
from one to two glasses. The temperature of the spring is 
46 deg. Fahr., being only 14 deg. from the freezing point. 
As the water is drawn from the fountain it foams like soda 
water, from the great abundance of carbonic acid gas, 
which gives to the water its agreeable taste. 

During the two years since its discovery, the water has 
been introduced all over the Union, and is now to be 
obtained in the principal cities of America and Europe. 

A beautiful ravine, cascade and lake, and a sulphur spring 
also, are in the immediate vicinity south of th,e spring. 
Seats are provided and the pleasure seeker will find a few 
hours in this locality a delightful recreation. The Geyser 
Spring is one of the chief attractions of Saratoga, and no 
visitor should fail to see it and taste its sparkling water. 

THE GLACIER SPOUTING SPRING, 

" Sparkling, rippling and dancing about, 
Freighted with health and brilliant with light, 
Soothing the ear and entrancing the sight," 

May be found in a little valley east of the railroad and 
directly opposite the Geyser Spring, about a mile south of 
the village. 

Location. 

This spring is only a few rods south of the railroad 
crossing, from which a new road has been recently laid out 
and graded. Ask your hackman to drive to it. Those who 
visit the spouting springs should not fail to see the Glacier, 
the great spoutist, and the most remarkable of all. 

It was discovered in September, 1871, and is the most re- 
markable fountain in the world. It discharges from four 
to eight gallons per minute, spouting through a quarter- 
inch nozzle to a height of fifty-two feet, or through an inch 
and a half nozzle eighty feet, pouring forth a perfect suds 
of water and gas. 



116 



SARATOGA. 



History. 

In the spring of 1870, Mr. Jesse Button, having been 
employed to sink the Geyser well, was so successful that 
he was induced to bore for another spring on land owned 
by D. Gibbs, Esq., in this locality. Mineral water was 
found at no great depth, but in no considerable quantity. 
The well was sunk 220 feet in the slate rock reaching the 
magnesian limestone. At this point the mineral water 
could be made to spout for a few moments, occasionally, by 
agitating it with a sand-pump. The stream, however, was 
quite small, and as Mr. Button was called elsewhere, the 




project was temporarily abandoned. In September, 1871, 
boring was resumed. The diameter of the well which had 
been sunk was five and three-fourth inches. It was made 
an inch larger, tapering toward the bottom, and the well 
was continued through the magnesian limestone to the 
Trenton limestone, making a total depth of 300 feet. Hav- 
ing reached this point the water spouted forth with great 
force. The well was at once carefully tubed. 

Properties. 

The water is very concentrated, and small doses are all 
that is required. It will bear dilution with fresh water 



SARATOGA. 1 1 7 



much better than milk. It seems to have not only strong 
cathartic properties, but a special action upon the kidneys 
and liver. For medicinal purposes it promises to equal 
any in Saratoga. 

As an object of curiosity and interest, the Glacier Spring 
is unequaled in Saratoga, and it will doubtless speedily 
become a popular resort. Don't fail to visit it. 

HAMILTON SPRING, 

•On Spring street, corner of Putnam, in the rear of Congress 
Hall, and a short distance from Hathorn Spring. Its prin- 
cipal action is diuretic, and in large doses cathartic. The 
mineral ingredients are the same as those of the other 
springs, but, owing to the peculiar combination, the medic- 
inal effects are widely different. It has been found of great 
service in kidney complaints. From one to three glasses 
during the day is the usual dose. It should be used under 
the prescription of a physician, and warm drinks should 
not be taken immediately after. Persons suffering from 
" a cold " should not drink this water. It is not bottled. 

THE HATHORN SPRING 

Is situated at the center of the village on Spring street, 
immediately opposite Congress Hall on the north, a few 
steps from Broadway, and in the immediate vicinity of the 
large hotels. Hon. H. H. Hathorn, proprietor. 

History. 

The spring derives its name from the fact that it was dis- 
covered by Mr. Hathorn in the fall of 1868, while the work- 
men were engaged in excavating for the foundation of the 
Congress Hall ball-room. It was no sooner tubed, in 1869, than 
it attained a popularity unparalleled in the history of Sara- 
toga's mineral springs. Its reputation is daily increasing, 



118 SARATOGA. 



and its bottled waters (it is sold in bottles only) are now 
sold in large quantities at all the principal points in the 
country. 

At the Spring. 

There is nothing at present to attract the great crowds 
which frequent the spring, other than the quality of its 
waters. The scene at this spring in the morning between 
the hours of five and nine presents a very good illustration 
of the fact that Saratoga has attractions for those in search 
of recreation and health in her mineral fountains, such as 
no other watering-place possesses. At this time the visit- 
ing population may be found at the springs, partaking of 
the cup that cheers, but not inebriates. Half a dozen active 
dipper-boys with dippers holding glasses filled with the 
mineral fluid can scarcely work fast enough to supply those 
who crowd to the counter, while hundreds are waiting for 
a chance. 

Medical Properties. 

The water of this spring is a powerful cathartic and 
alterative, and for these purposes it is unrivaled by any 
mineral water or pharmaceutical preparation in the world. 

As a cathartic and general evacuant, when taken before 
breakfast its effects are speedy, unloading the whole length 
of the digestive tube of the remnants of the previous days 
injesta* These undigested remains, of no further use to 
the system, may be the source of much harm, but when 
expelled they leave the digestive and assimilating powers 
free to perform their work. 

The waters of the Hathorn Spring are pleasant to the 
taste and grateful to the stomach. The natural carbonic 

♦Note. A portion of our description of the medical properties 
is taken from Dr. Allen's Handbook of Saratoga, published in 

1867. 



SARATOGA. 119 



acid gas, which they contain, gives them a peculiar spark- 
ling and exhilerating effect. The peculiar virtue of min- 
eral waters is, that they operate without producing any 
pain, weakness or languor, and without causing any debil- 
ity, and they leave the alimentary canal stronger and its 
functions more vigorous. The appetite is strengthened, 
the digestive functions greatly improved, the power of 
assimilation and nutrition increased, the whole system is 
stimulated and additional strength is imparted to the body, 
and as a consequence, new and increased vigor to the mind 
by Nature's salutary elixir. 

To those whose digestive organs have been impaired, 
enfeebled or exhausted, to those who are suffering from 
dyspepsia, constipation and disorders of. the stomach, the 
Hathorn Spring water will prove itself an agent of the 
greatest service. 

In those cases where a strong cathartic is needed, its 
effects are excellent, benefiting those upon whom the 
milder waters have no effect. 

For people in robust health, it is regarded as a superior 
summer drink, preventing malarial fevers, cholera and bil- 
liousness, and by increasing the oxydation of the tissues, 
preventing morbid accumulations in the blood. In short, it 
cleanses and keeps the stomach in order, and this prevents 
nearly all forms of disease. 

As a diuretic, the water must be differently administered ; 
the quantity taken should be less and repeated at shorter 
intervals. Its action on the kidneys and the general renal 
secretions is prompt, certain, uniform and efficient. 

In many cases of biliousness where no organic disease 
exists, when taken in the morning in proper quantity for 
physic, and in smaller portions during the day to operate 
on the kidneys, skin and liver, the water has been found 
successf ul in regulating the system. 



120 SARATOGA. 



That peculiar habit of the system produced by a round 
of fashionable life, or by over indulgence and indiscretion 
in eating, are relieved, and when there is a lack of tone to 
the system, a general malaise, the water is magical in its 
effects. 

In a gravelly state of the kidneys and the bladder, the 
water should be taken in such quantity and with such reple- 
tion as to insure a copious diuresis. In many such cases, 
quantities of sand and small calculi will be passed with 
the urine. 

One of the characteristics of this water is the unusual 
amount of lithia contained in it, and which enhances its 
medicinal value, in nearly all those kidney difficulties 
requiring a diuretic. 

From one to three glasses before breakfast is the usual 
quantity when drank as a cathartic ; from one-third to one 
glass frequently during the day and evening for alterative 
and tonic purposes, and as an appetizer. 

Persons suffering from acute inflammatory disease, or 
whose alimentary organs are unusually sensitive, should 
not, of course, imbibe large quantities at a time, and if 
using the water for cathartic purposes, would, perhaps, 
increase the benefit derived from the water by accompany- 
ing sedative treatment. 

The Hathorn fountain is a pure and natural spring. The 
water rises surrounded by a heavy wooden tubing forty 
feet in length and penetrating two feet into the rock, and 
it is bottled, as it flows, directly at the tube. 

HIGH ROCK SPRING 

Is located on Spring avenue, in the northern portion of the 
village. The High Rock is the oldest, in point of discovery, 
of the Saratoga springs. As early as 1767, Sir William 
Johnson was brought to it on a litter by his Indian friends 



SARATOGA. 



121 




COLONNADE OVER HIGH ROCK. 

of the Mohawk tribe. It takes its name from the dome- 
shaped rock — a superb vase of nature's unassisted work- 
manship, which is justly considered the most remarkable 
curiosity in this vicinity. The mound of stone, three or 
four feet high, appears like a miniature volcano, except 
that sparkling water instead of melted lava flows from its 




1 22 SARATOGA. 



little crater. When Sir William Johnson visited the 
springs, and in fact until quite recently, the water did not 
overflow the mound, but came to within a few inches of 
the summit, some other hidden outlet permitting its escape. 
The Indians had a tradition, however, which was undoubt- 
edly true, that the water formerly flowed over the rim of 
the opening. 

There were numerous reasons assigned in the traditions 
of the Indians why the Great Spirit was displeased and the 
water ceased to overflow. In our researches about Saratoga 
we found a legend that far back, when the deer made this 
their resort and were shot by hunters while regaling them- 
selves at the fountain, an Indian maiden who was impure 
bathed in the spring, since which time the water did not 
rise to the top of the mound. As a bit of fantasy, we pre- 
sent the legend as thus narrated : 

Far in the forest's deep recess, 

Dark, hidden and alone, 
'Mid marshy ferns and tangled woods 

There rose a rocky cone. 
It was a strange mysterious spot, 

And near no mortal dwelled ; 
But there retired the sorcerer priest, 

His sacred orgies held. 

There, the fierce tenants of the wood 

On one another preyed, 
And though the timid deer were slain, 

Yet, fondly 'round they strayed. 
Their natures craved the saline draught, 

For that they eager sought, 
And oft one single hasty sip 

Was with their life blood bought. 

Within that rocky cone a spring 

Of healing water rose, 
And o'er the top it glittering spreads, 

And down the sides it flows ; 
It looked as if, with brilliant gems, 

That curtained rock was bound, » 
As sparkling hung the airy stream 

Like floating drap'ry round. 



SARATOGA. 123 

From forth the forest's deepest gloom, 

There moved with stealthy pace, 
A female form of lovely mould 

And beauty's witching face ; 
Upon her brow the summer sun, 

And the free desert air, 
Had cast a mellow auburn tint, 

With love to revel there. 

She came to bathe in that pure spring, 

As forth the waters boiled ; 
Her hand she raised to touch the fount, 

Backl back! the stream recoiled. 
Deep printed on that beating heart, 

Forever to remain, 
In spite of tears and cleansing founts, 

There was a guilty stain. 

Down in the bosom of the rock, 

The gurgling fountain fell ; 
There still it flows, and its lone sound 

As notes of warning swell. 
That guilty one in frantic fear, 

Fled with desponding shame, 
Nor, was she ever heard of more, 

And none recalled her name. 

Such is the legend. A few years ago (1866) the property 
changed hands, and the new owners, convinced that by 
stopping the lateral outlet they could cause the water to 
issue again from the mouth of the rock, employed a num- 
ber of men to undermine the mound, and with a powerful 
hoisting derrick to lift it off and set it one side, that the 
spring might be explored. 

" Just below the mound were found four logs, two of 
which rested upon the other, two at right angles, forming 
a curb. Under the logs were bundles of twigs resting upon 
the dark-brown or black soil of a previous swamp. Evi- 
dently some ancient seekers after health had found the 
spring in the swamp, and to make it more convenient to 
secure the water had piled brush around it, and then laid 
down the logs as a curb. But you inquire, how came the 
rock, which weighed several tons, above the logs ? The 
rock was formed by the water. It is composed of tufa, 



124 



SARATOGA. 



carbonate of lime, and was formed in the same manner as 
stalactites and stalagmites are formed. As the water 
flowed over the logs, the evaporation of a portion of the 
carbonic acid gas caused the separation of an equivalent 




quantity of insoluble carbonate of lime, which, layer by 
layer, built up the mound. A fragment of the rock which 
I possess contains leaves, twigs, hazel nuts, and snail shells, 
which, falling from time to time upon it, were incrusted 
and finally imprisoned in the stony mass. 



SARATOGA. 125 



Analysis of a Fragment of the Rock. 

Carbonate of lime 95.17 

Carbonate of magnesia 2.49 

Sesquioxide of iron 0.07 

Alumina 0.22 

Sand and clay 0.09 

Organic matter 1.11 

Moisture 0.39 

Undetermined 0.46 

100.00 

" Below the rocks the workmen followed the spring 
through four feet of tufa and muck. Then they came to a 
layer of solid tufa two feet thick, then one foot of muck in 
which they found another log. Below this were three feet 
of tufa ; and there, seventeen feet below the apex of the 
mound, they found the embers and charcoal of an ancient 
fire. By whom and when could the fire have been built ? 
The Indian tradition went back only to the time when the 
water overflowed the rock. How many centuries may have 
elapsed since even the logs were placed in their position ? 
A grave philosopher of the famous watering place remem- 
bering that botanists determine the age of trees by count- 
ing the rings on the section of the stems, and noticing the 
layers in the tufa rock, polished a portion of the surface, 
and counted eighty-one layers to the inch. He forthwith 
made the following calculation : 

High Rock, 4 feet, 80 lines to the inch 3,840 years. 

Muck and tufa, 7 feet, low estimate at 400 " 

Tufa, 2 feet, 25 lines to the inch 600 " 

Muck,lfoot 130 " 

Tufa,3feet 900 " 

Time since the fire was built 5,870 " 

In 1868 a superb colonnade — a pavilion within a pavil- 
ion — was erected over the spring, at an expense of over 
$6,000. It is of gothic architecture, surmounted by a 
mosque-like dome and an immense gilded eagle, making it 
indeed a most attractive pagoda. 



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SARATOGA. 127 



During the past season the High Rock Spring has been 
very carefully retubed, and the proprietors — thorough busi- 
ness men — are adorning its surroundings in a taseful man- 
ner. They are also sending a large quantity of the water 
abroad. 

Properties. 

The High Rock Spring, which may be looked on as the 
father of all these healing waters, has stood the test of 
over a century. It is a superior tonic, and cathartic as well 
as alterative. It may be drank during the day in smaller 
quantities, or two or three glasses, for cathartic, may be 
taken before breakfast. It is useful in rheumatism, 
scrofula, dyspepsia, constipation and a wide range of 
diseases. 

PAVILION SPRING. 

A few steps from Broadway, in a somewhat secluded 
valley, though in the very center of Saratoga, and directly 
at the head of Spring avenue (now being completed), bub- 
bles up the clear and sparkling water of the Pavilion Spring. 

The pleasure-seeker strolling up Broadway is directed by 
a handsome sign down Lake avenue to " Pavilion Spring 
and Park." A few steps, less than half a block, brings 
him to the handsome arched gateway of this very pretty 
park in which one can pass the time as pleasantly as could 
be wished. The colonnade over the spring is one of the 
most elegant of its class. It was erected in 1869, at a cost 
of over $6,000, and is a fine ornament to the park. The 
United States Spring is under the same colonnade. Our cut 
is a very faithful likeness of the grounds. 

Properties. 

There is a liveliness and pungency to this water which 
makes it a pleasant beverage. An abundance of gas, so 
much desired in a mineral spring, is so intimately associated 



SARATOGA. 129 



with the water, and is so well " fixed " as to hold the medici- 
nal constituents in a clear and permanent solution. The 
property of the water is cathartic, affecting more or less, 
however, all the secretions. It is of special service in dys- 
pepsia, biliousness, rheumatism, etc. A half a glass to a 
glass, drank after hearty meals, will relieve at once the 
distress from which so many suffer. Medical men recom- 
mend the water also for kidney disease. 

While stronger than the milder waters which require so 
large potions to be effective, it is not characterized by the 
harshness and irritating power of some of the more recently 
discovered springs. It seems to us a sort of golden mean 
between the two extremes. 

The water bottles nicely, and is sent to every part of the 
Union. It is also sold on draught. Persons becoming at- 
tached to it while at Saratoga can thus easily obtain it at 
any time in a manner only equaled by that dipped from the 
spring. The sale of this, as well as of nearly all mineral 
waters, is conducted almost exclusively by druggists. 

The business address of the proprietors is " Pavilion & 
U. S. Spring Company, Saratoga," to whom orders should be 
addressed. 

PUTNAM SPRING. 

On Phila street, near Broadway. Used chiefly for bathing 
purposes. It is a strong tonic or chalybeate water. The 
proprietor, Mr. Lewis Putnam, is the oldest native resident 
of Saratoga. 

THE RED SPRING. 

This spring is located on Spring avenue, a short distance 
beyond the Empire, at the junction of Geneva and Warren 
streets. Red Spring Co., proprietors. 



132 SAKATOGA. 



History. 

It was discovered soon after the Revolutionary war, by a 
Mr. Norton, who had been driven from the place from fear 
of hostile Indians during the war, and who returned about 
the year 1784 to re-occupy and improve some buildings 
erected by him for the accommodation of a few invalids 
who came to visit the High Rock, Flat Rock, President and 
Red Springs. No other springs were known at that time, 
or for many years after. Nearly a hundred years ago the 
first bath-house ever built at Saratoga was erected at the 
Red Spring, and was used for the cure of all kinds of 
eruptive and skin diseases for many years. Through the 
neglect of the owners, this spring, with others near, was 
allowed to fall into an impure condition ; the tubes rotted 
out, and for a number of years the water of the Red Spring 
was only used for washing sore eyes, bad ulcers, and the 
cure of salt rheum, etc. The springs of Ballston, and the 
valuable qualities of Congress water, drew public attention 
away from these springs, and it was only a few years since 
that the present owners of the spring retubed and secured 
this valuable water for public use. The reputation it had 
long sustained as a powerful alterative for the cure of 
blood diseases was confirmed; and for several years this 
water has been used with growing confidence and wonder- 
ful results. 

Properties. 

In a general sense its therapeutic effects are alterative, 
and it possesses a particular adaptation to inflamed mucous 
surfaces ; scrofula in all its forms, dyspepsia in its worst 
conditions, and kidney difficulties, with every kind of skin 
disease, including salt rheum, which it never fails to cure, 
are prominent among the diseases cured by the use of this 
water. 



SARATOGA. 133 



Its general effect is to tone up the system, regulate the 
secretions and vitalize the blood, thereby creating a better 
appetite and better assimilation. 

The analysis of this water does not indicate any proper- 
ties that can account for its astonishing effects on disease, 
but they are supposed to be owing to its peculiar combina- 
tion, Scientific men, however, differ in regard to this point 
and in regard to the analysis. 

A greater number of invalids are now using this water 
than from all the other springs in the place. This water is 
not used as a beverage. More than a hundred gallons per 
day are taken away by real invalids, besides that drank at 
the spring. To become acquainted with its wonderful 
cures one needs only to go there and spend an hour con- 
versing with those who are using it for their various ail- 
ments. The water is used at all hours of the day, and a 
short time is all that is needed to learn the high estimation 
in which it is held as a remedial agent. 

SARATOGA "A" SPRING, 

The " A " Spring is situated on Spring avenue, a little 
beyond the Empire Spring, on the eastern side of a steep 
bluff of calciferous sand rock, upon grounds which could be 
made quite attractive by a moderate outlay. 

History. 

The memory of that reverend being, the oldest inhabitant, 
does not recall the time when the existence of mineral 
water in this immediate locality was not known. As the 
merits of spring waters were so little known and under- 
stood in the earlier days of their discovery, the demand was 
far below the supply, and no attempt was made to intro- 
duce this spring to public attention, nor any provision for 
the use of its waters. In 1865, Messrs. Western & Co. 



1 3^: SARATOGA . 



purchased the property, and at once instituted plans for 
securing the fountain ; and a shaft twelve feet square was 
sunk to the depth of sixteen feet. The surface above the 
rock consists of bluish marl, similar to that found all along 
this mineral valley. A tube, in the usual form, was placed 
over the spring, and clay was used as packing around it. 
In the spring of the next year the fountain was more per- 
fectly secured by a new tubing, and the water was bottled 
and shipped all over the country. 

An ill-wind seemed to be blowing, and in 1867 the bot- 
tling-house was nearly destroyed by fire ; and the spring 
was again re-tubed to the depth of thirty-two feet, going 
down to the solid rock, where one of the most perfect 
veins of water was found flowing in all its original purity, 
which was secured with the greatest care, in order to pre- 
vent the mixture of sulphurous or other waters, and car- 
ried to the surface through a tube made of maple. 

At present the spring itself is protected by a temporary 
structure, while the water is bottled in a portion of the 
original building which was not destroyed by fire. The 
spring is at some little distance from the business part of 
Saratoga, and, since the bottling-house was destroyed, no 
special efforts have been made to attract a crowd of visitors, 
though many who know the virtues of the water take the 
pains and trouble to go out of their way to obtain it, fresh 
from the spring in all its purity, as it is held in the highest 
estimation by all who have used it. We believe it is the 
intention of the present management to rebuild the houses 
and ornament the surroundings either this summer or next. 

Of the original company, Jay Gould was President, and 
John F. Henry, Secretary. The officers of the present com- 
pany are, John F. Henry, President ; B. S. Barrett, Secre- 
taiy, and Edwin F. Stevens, Treasurer. Mr. Henry is well 



SARATOGA. 1 35 



known as the leading druggist in America, and the largest 
dealer in proprietary medicines in the world. 

Properties. 

The water possesses a very agreeable taste and flavor, 
resembling in many respects the favorite Congress. Its 
principal action is alterative and cathartic. 

SELTZER SPRING. 

" Saratoga Seltzer Spring Co.," proprietors. Perhaps 
no one of the springs gratifies the curious more than the 
Seltzer. 

It is situated about 150 feet from the High Rock Spring, 
but, although in such close proximity thereto, its water is 
entirely different, thus illustrating the wonderful extent 
and capacity of nature's subterreanean laboratory. 

Peculiarities. 

The owners of the Seltzer Spring have an ingenious con- 
trivance for exhibiting the flow of the water and its gas. 
It consists of a glass tube, three feet in height and fifteen 
inches in diameter, nicely adjusted to the mouth of the 
spring, through which the sweet, clear, sparkling water 
gushes in a steady volume, while, faster than the water, 
bubble up the glittering globules of pure carbonic acid gas. 

Properties. 

The water of this spring is very pleasant to the taste, 
being slightly acidulous and saline, but much milder than 
that of the other Saratoga springs. It is an agreeable and 
wholesome beverage. When mixed with still wines, etc., 
it adds the peculiar flavor only to be derived from a pure, 
natural seltzer. It enlivens them and gives them the char- 
acter of sparkling wines. 



136 SARATOGA. 



THE STAR SPRING 

Is located on Spring avenue near the termination of Circu- 
lar street. Star Spring Co., proprietors ; Melvin Wright, 
Superintendent. 

History. 

Under the name of President Spring, and afterward 
Iodine Spring, the fountain now called the Star has been 
known for nearly a century ; long enough to test its merits 
and long enough to sink it in oblivion if it possessed no 
merits. Its lustre is undimmed, and it promises to be a star 
that shall never set. During these many years a goodly 
proportion of tottering humanity have found in this spring 
an amendment to their several crippled constitutions. It 
was first tubed in 1835. In 1865 the Star Spring Co. was 
formed, and, in the following year, the spring was retubed 
under their direction. In 1870 they erected the finest 
bottling house in Saratoga. Great care is taken to pre- 
serve the spring in a pure condition and perfect repair. 
The water has become immensely popular in New England, 
where it is "the spring," and throughout the United 
States and Canada. 

The proprietors of this spring feeling the need of some 
method of transporting the water in bulk, to avoid the 
heavy cost of bottling and the heavy freights upon the 
same, commenced, in 1866, to send the water in barrels 
made of Rock Maple ; this method proved a failure, as it 
was impossible to confine the gases in wood, and impossible 
to prepare the wood in a manner not to impart to the water 
its peculiar taste. They then prepared the tin-lined bar- 
rels (Patent, dated Nov., 1867), which proved a success. 
These barrels are used to convey the water to all parts of 
the country. It is then drawn into fountains and charged 
lightly with gas to restore it to its original condition, and 



138 SARATOGA. 



is dispensed by the glass, and is as palatable and effective 
as at the natural fountain. This method has become very 
popular where known. 

For Commercial Use, 

The water is sold in cases of quarts and pints, and besides, 
owing to the large amount of gas which is finely incorpo- 
rated with the water, the company are enabled to supply 
families with it in kegs of fifteen gallons, in which the 
water keeps as well as in bottles, and at one-fourth to 
one-sixth the cost. This method seems to give entire 
satisfaction, and is fast coming into general use. This is 
"the only spring that supplies the water in bulk to families. 
The price to druggists in bulk is twenty cents per gallon ; 
to families, $4 per half barrel ; to the trade, in cases, at $21 
per gross for pints, and $30 per gross for quarts. 

The large and pleasant office in the bottling house is 
adorned with flowers and shrubs, rare exotics of great 
beauty. Visitors will find here ample accommodations for 
rest and recreation, as the office is open to all. 

Properties. 

The Star water is mildly cathartic; has a pleasant, 
slightly acid taste, gentle and healthy in its action, and 
yet powerful in its effects. 

It is far more desirable for general use as a cathartic 
than the preparations of the apothecary. 

Rev. Dr. Cuyler, in one of his peculiarly charming letters, 
gives the Star Water preference over all others as an active 
and efficient cathartic. 

While the immediate effects of the Star Spring are 
cathartic, its remote effects are alterative, and these, after 
all, should be considered the most important, as the water 
thus reaches and changes the morbid condition of the 
whole system. 



140 SARATOGA. 



THE TRITON SPOUTING SPRING 

Is the name given to a new well located on the north side 
of the road near the Geyser. The vein of water was found 
in January, 1872, after boring to a depth of 150 feet. The 
water spouts fifteen feet above the ground. It is protected 
by a neat little frame building which also serves as bot- 
tling-house. The water is quite agreeable to the palate. 
We have found little opportunity as yet to investigate the 
properties of the water. Messrs. Verbeck & Gilbert are 
the proprietors. 

UNION SPRING, 

Near the center of Excelsior Park, is about ten rods north- 
west of Excelsior Spring. A. R. Lawrence & Co., pro- 
prietors. 

History. 

It was originally known as the " Jackson " spring, and is 
described under that name by Dr. John H. Steele, in his 
work on the mineral waters of Saratoga and Ballston, pub- 
lished by Dr. Steele at Albany in 1819. 

The water was, however, but imperfectly secured until 
the present proprietors had the spring retubed in 1868. 

Properties. 

The water of the Union Spring acts as a mild cathartic 
when taken before breakfast. Drank at other times dur- 
ing the day it is a very agreeable and healthful beverage. 

Prof. C. F. Chandler, the distinguished chemist, says : 
"This water is of excellent strength. It is specially 
noticeable that the ratio of magnesia to lime is universally 
large, which is a decided advantage. The water is also 
remarkably free from iron, a fact which is a great recom- 
mendation." 



SARATOGA. 141 



THE UNITED STATES SPRING 

Is located under the same colonnade as the Pavilion and 
less than ten feet distant from it. 

It is an alterative, and is at present chiefly used by our 
German citizens for mixing with their wines. It differs 
from the Pavilion in the extent of salines found in its water. 

It is a matter of surprise to visitors that two springs, 
welling up their waters so sear together, should yet be 
widely different. Where nature in her subterranean 
laboratory obtains all the elements, and how she can man- 
age that from one crevice shall issue a water whose ingre- 
dients shall never materially differ, and whose temperature 
shall remain constant throughout the year, while within a 
few feet she sends up an equally unvarying, and yet widely 
different spring, is indeed a problem, and the oftener one 
reflects on subjects of this kind, the oftener is the old- 
fashioned observation repeated, that " let a man go where 
he will, Omnipotence is never from his view." 

THE WASHINGTON SPRING 

Is situated in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, on South 
Broadway, just below the Columbian Hotel, and in what 
was formerly called the Recreation Garden. 

Properties. 

This is a chalybeate or iron spring, having tonic and 
diuretic properties. It is not a saline water, and the peculiar 
inky taste of iron is perceptible. It should be drank in the 
afternoon or evening, before or after meals, or just before 
retiring. One glass is sufficient for tonic purposes. Many 
regard this as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. 
It is frequently called the " Champagne Spring" from its 
sparkling properties. 

The grounds in the immediate vicinity are very pictur- 



1 42 SARATOGA. 



esque, and in the evening are lighted by gas. The Claren- 
don Band discourses their music on the neighboring piazza, 
and large numbers of fashionably attired people throng 
beneath the majestic pines, forming one of those peculiar 
group pictures which render Saratoga so charming. 

THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRING 

Is about a mile east of Broadway and only a few rods dis- 
tant from the Eureka Mineral and the Ten Springs. Lake 
avenue and Spring avenue lead directly to it. Stages run 
between the spring and the village every hour, passing the 
principal hotels. Eureka Spring Co. are the proprietors. 

This is the Sulphur Spring of Saratoga. It is said to be 
unsurpassed by any Sulphur spring in the State. Sulphu- 
retted or hepatic waters acquire their peculiar properties 
from beds of pyrites or by passing through strata of bitum- 
inous shale and foetic-oolitic beds. These we regard as 
organic sulphuretted waters, while the others are mineral. 

The mere presence of hydrosulphuric acid gas does not 
constitute an hepatic water ; for the solid ingredients are 
essential ; and these are found in that of the Eureka White 
Sulphur Spring, proving it to be a very valuable water. 
It is successfully used in the long list of diseases for which 
sulphur water, both internally and externally, is so highly 
recommended by the medical faculty. Sulphur waters are 
very useful in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, neuralgia 
and kindred diseases, and in glandular affections and cer- 
tain chronic diseases of the stomach, liver, intestines, 
spleen, kidneys, bladder and uterus, and in dropsy, scrof- 
ula, chlorosis and mercurial diseases. It is beneficial, 
used both internally and externally, in the form of baths at 
different degrees of temperature, best determined in each 
case by the physician under whose advice, as a general 
rule, they should be used. The water is highly beneficial 



SARATOGA. 143 



in cutaneous diseases, inflamed eyes, etc. If the person is 
dyspeptic, the non-gaseous water should be used in small 
doses. It may be as well to add that such waters should 
not be used if there is a tendency to cerebral disease, or in 
cases of consumption and cancer. 

The water of this sulphur spring is remarkably pellucid. 
The fountain discharges upwards of 20,000 gallons per day. 

A large and commodious bathing-house, containing fifty 
bath-rooms, with excellent and ample accommodations and 
superior facilities, affords warm and cold sulphur water 
baths. They are a real luxury. 

OTHER SPRINGS. 

Three mineral springs — two of which are spouting wells 
— may be found across the creek from the Geyser, and 
between the latter and the railroad. They belong to the 
proprietors of the Geyser Spring and are situated upon 
what is called Geyser Park. This beautiful park, with its 
cascade, ravines and mirrored lake, embraces some seventy- 
five acres. A " nobby " boat may be found upon the 
waters, while rustic arbors, shady seats and quiet nooks 
afford pleasant places for the lover of nature or those who 
desire retirement and rest. 

Mineral water of some merit has been found in several 
other places in Saratoga and its vicinage. Our list includes 
all of any importance. 

BOTTLING THE WATERS. 

The process of bottling is similar at all the springs, and 
as the Congress bottling-house is the most complete — a 
description of it will suffice for the whole. The following, 
written by C. C. Dawson, Esq., to whom we are indebted 
for the plates accompanying, gives a graphic description of 
the various processes : 



SARATOGA. 



"Probably not one-fifth part of the waters of these 
springs which are used medicinally are drank in Saratoga. 
Multitudes, it is true, flock here during the summer months, 
buttheir stay is usually limited to a few brief weeks — a 
time, in many cases, too short for these mild, natural reme- 
dies to accomplish their perfect work. Thousands of vis- 
itors, therefore, find it necessary to continue the use of the 
waters after leaving the springs, and great numbers of 
other sufferers from the various ills which flesh is heir to, 
who are not able to visit Saratoga, still find the waters a 
source of comfort and health. Thus, while the benefit fo 
these springs is enjoyed at Saratoga only by a compara- 
tively limited number of persons, and principally during a 
brief season, their blessings are carried, by means of the 
bottled waters, all over the world, and are dispensed to 
multiplied thousands, without regard to season or climate. 
A large and important branch of commerce has thus sprung 
into existence, involving a liberal expenditure of capital, 
and furnishing employment, directly or indirectly, to a 
great number of persons. 

" The bottling and packing is carried on throughout the 
year, and, except during the height of the visiting season, 
when so much is consumed at the springs as materially to 
decrease the supply for bottling, the work is prosecuted 
night and day. The arrangements for this purpose are the 
most complete of any thing of the kind in the country, and 
all the various operations are carried on with a care, skill 
and perfection unsurpassed. 

" In order to increase their facilities, the Congress Spring 
company have erected a glass-factory near the village, 
where they not only make all the bottles required in their 
own immense business, but fill large orders for all kinds 
of bottles for other purposes. Some eighteen or twenty 
neat cottages in the same part of the village have been 



SARATOGA. 



erected by the company for the use of their factory opera- 
tives. 

" Each bottle, before being filled, is thoroughly washed 
and rinsed with both warm and cold water, a stream of 
each of which is constantly pouring into the tanks before 
the washers. To detach any impurities that cannot be 
removed by other means, a small brass chain is dropped 
into each bottle and thoroughly shaken about. The sub- 
stitution of this simple and effective method of cleansing 
for the use of shot or pebble is an improvement which 
might well be adopted by every housewife. 

" None but the finest corks are used ; the brands used for 
branding them are set into a small table, their lettered 
faces being nearly level with its surface. They are kept 
hot by a jet of gas turned on them from below, and the 
corks receive their brand by being rolled over the heated 
types — an expert boy performing the simple operation 
with great rapidity. 

" The water is pumped from the spring through pure 
block tin pipes into a receiver, holding from five to six 
gallons, from which it is drawn into the bottles ; the pipes, 
pump, and receiver being so constructed as to prevent any 
escape of the natural gases. The corks, after being soaked 
in warm water until they become so soft as to be easily 
compressed, are driven into the bottles by machinery, the 
process reducing their size before entering the bottles about 
one-third. It requires a strong bottle to stand the pressure 
of their expansion after being driven in, and even strong 
men sometimes find it difficult to pull them out. A single 
workman will fill and cork from fifteen to twenty dozen 
bottles per hour. 

" After being filled and corked, the bottles are laid upon 
their sides in large bins, holding from one hundred and 
fifty to two hundred dozen each, where they are allowed to 



SARATOGA. 



remain four or five days, or longer, to test the strength of 
the bottles by the expansion of the gas, and also to detect 
any corks that may be leaky or otherwise imperfect. The 
breakage, while in this situation, is about five per cent of 
the whole number filled, and sometimes more. The bottles 
frequently burst with a sharp report, like the firing of a 
pistol or the cracking of champagne bottles. Every bottle 
that breaks, either while in the testing-bins, or in any of 
the various processes of washing, filling, or packing, is 
registered in the office of the company, by means of wires 
going from different parts of the establishment, and cen- 
tering there in an apparatus arranged for the purpose. All 
leaky corks are drawn, and the bottles refilled with water 
direct from the spring. While all these precautions add 
largely to the expense of putting up the waters, they 
render a leaky, and consequently a bad bottle of Saratoga 
Water almost impossible, and they also render the break- 
age of bottles in subsequent handling a matter of rare oc- 
currence. 

" When the bottles and corks have been thus thoroughly 
tested, the corks are securely wired, this operation being 
performed with great rapidity by employees long trained 
to the work. 

" The next process is the packing in cases, which is also 
done with great care and remarkable dexterity. The neck 
of each bottle is firmly wound with clean new straw, and 
the bottles are placed on their sides in tiers of equal num- 
ber, a parting strip of straw being laid between each bottle 
and its neighbor on either side. A layer of straw is also 
placed between the tiers of bottles, as well as at the top 
and bottom of the box. When the box is filled, the packer 
walks over the bottles, for the double purpose of settling 
them properly in their places, and as a further test of their 
strength, before the lid is put in its place and nailed down. 



SARATOGA. 



If a bottle gives way under the weight of the packer, of 
course the whole box is emptied, and not again repacked 
until it is thoroughly dry, as must be all the straw which 
is used for packing." 

Some idea of the extent of the business may be formed 
by the fact that the buildings used exclusively for storing 
water in boxes at Congress Spring* alone have an area of 
over 12,000 square feet on the ground floor, and are capa- 
ble of holding over twenty thousand boxes of the water. 

The Saratoga Waters at a Distance from the Springs. 

If the Saratoga waters are really what they have the 
reputation of being — and certainly no one who has wit- 
nessed their effects can deny their wonderful power — the 
purity of the water which is supplied to invalids, at a dis- 
tance from the springs, becomes a matter of the utmost 
consequence. 

" The fashionable and the rich," writes an eminent divine, 
" who fill these splendid saloons, are not alone the people 
for whom the beneficient Creator opened these health-giving 
fountains ; but they are also those who occupy the sick 
chambers in all parts of the earth, who have never seen 
Saratoga, but who are relieved and comforted by its 
waters." 

Personally the writer has found in several cities more or 
less difficulty in obtaining the genuine water. He there- 
fore offers a few suggestions on the present mode of expor- 
tation. 

For many years the sale of spring water has been chiefly 
conducted by druggists. In the earlier days the business 
was conducted with fairness and profit to all concerned, but 
the small cost of manufacturing an artificial water imitating 
the natural in taste and appearance, and made even more 
sparkling and pungent by a heavy charging with gas, the 



SARATOGA. 



enormous extent of the patent medicine business which has 
protruded itself in all directions, and to an overwhelming 
extent and the large percentage of profit which druggists 
now realize on their goods, all these have interfered with 
the sale of pure natural spring water. We assert as an 
indisputable fact that the sale of artificial water has been 
a serious and unjust detriment to the reputation of natural 
mineral water. 

Very little of the water sold on draught by druggists is 
genuine. Several instances have fallen under the immediate 
notice of the writer, in which druggists have obtained the 
photographs and trade-marks of a certain spring, by the 
purchase of a small quantity of water, and then manu- 
factured that which they sold on draught ; and instances 
are numerous in which druggists have overcharged con- 
sumers for the bottled water. 

We cannot too strongly urge those who wish to obtain 
Saratoga water pure and fresh, to send direct to the spring 
whose waters they desire. 

To the Superintendents of springs we suggest the sup- 
plying of the waters through grocers, who can best handle 
both the barreled and the bottled water, and will be most 
likely to sell it in its purity. It should be made a staple 
article, and its merits as a beverage and preventive of dis- 
ease brought to public notice. The use of water increases 
the appetite, and grocers would find its extended sale would 
be an advantage to their business. 

We believe our country would be better, and biliousness, 
dyspepsia, fevers, and a long range of diseases more rare 
if the natural waters which God has provided were to 
become a standard article in our groceries. 



SARATOGA. 



CAN THE WATERS BE IMITATED ? 

Influenced by the popular character of the water, indi- 
viduals have been induced to attempt an artificial composi- 
tion of it, and, under the imposing names of Congress 
Water and Saratoga powders or Dr. So and So's " Saratoga 
mineral waters," articles have been presented to the 
public which, although they possess aperient qualities, in 
reality, bear no resemblance either in their effects or their 
properties to the mineral waters, the name of which they 
have assumed. They may move the bowels it is true, but, 
in this, they do not appear to possess any superiority over 
the common seidlitz powder, which is now in everybody's 
hands, and which, as a laxative medicine, is, undoubtedly, 
to be preferred to them. The virtue of Saratoga waters is 
not simply that they move the bowels, nor even because 
they do so gently and without harm, nor even because 
they do not depress like other cathartics. It is their pecu- 
liar effect on the system. Dissolve these ingredients and 
mix them together, and you have an insipid affair. 

If a tumbler of 4 ounces of water, poorer in salines than 
the blood, is taken every ten minutes before breakfast, 
a quantity of colored urine will be discharged- after the 
second tumbler of about 4 ounces, and if twenty tumblers are 
taken, one after the other, there may be nineteen discharges 
of urine, which at last becomes almost coloress, and then 
contains hardly more saline than the waters which was 
drank. If the same experiment be made with water, to 
which about as much table salt has been added as is con- 
tained in the blood, the excretion of the urine is not in- 
creased. It is scarcely possible to take more than three tum- 
blers full of such water, and a sensation of fullness, heavi- 
ness and oppression in the stomach follows, and indicates 
plainly that water thus doctored is not readily absorbed. If 



SARATOGA. 



more salt is added to the water, purging is produced with 
quite unpleasant symptoms. This is the effect of artificial 
mineral waters. On the other hand, the natural waters aug- 
ment the secretions, and purge without any unpleasant- 
ness, and stimulate the whole system. 

HOW ARTIFICIAL WATERS ARE MADE. 

The Vichy powders sold by druggists are simply carbon- 
ate of soda ; Carlsbad salt is a mixture of carbonate and 
sulphate of soda. Had we the space to devote to it, we 
might give some rather startling information about the 
manufacture of certain artificial waters, powders, etc. 
We would most strongly advise our readers to avoid artifi- 
cial waters, from no mercenary motives, for we have no 
interest in any mineral spring, but because we honestly 
believe that they cannot be compared to the natural. 

The use of the terms " Congress Water," " Columbian 
Water," or " Empire Water," alone or in combination with 
other words, when applied to any other than the liquids 
naturally flowing from these springs, is an evident violation 
of the rights of the proprietors, and a fraud upon the 
public. In a recent case, determined in the United States 
court, the manufacturer and vendor of an artificial com- 
pound, sold as Congress Water, were enjoined from putting 
up or selling " any water not of the natural flow of the 
said spring, in bottles or packages marked with the words 
* Congress Water,' or with words of like import." It would 
be well for the public if this matter were more fully under- 
stood, as the articles thus offered are entirely worthless, 
and often dangerous ; their use frequently producing 
griping pains, vertigo, etc., and sometimes resulting in 
serious permanent difficulties — effects wholly different 
from those produced by the genuine waters. They weaken 
the digestive powers, and destroy the tone of the stomach 





THE WAVERLY HOUSE. 



SARATOGA. 



and bowels, often rendering a mild case of dyspepsia in- 
curable. 

The injury inflicted by the sale of these artificial com- 
pounds upon the proprietors and the public is double ; for 
on taking these spurious articles and finding either no 
effect, or injurious effects, from their use, purchasers in 
future refuse the genuine waters, supposing they have 
already tried them ; or, knowing that the waters used are 
artificial, decline the natural waters on the supposition 
that they have tried what is in substance the same, without 
benefit — as if there existed the slightest comparison 
between them 1 

That it is impossible to form these waters artificially, 
the testimony of scientific men is abundant. " It is impos- 
sible," says the celebrated English chemist, Sir Humphrey 
Davy, " to recombine the ingredients so as to make an 
article of equal quality, the effects of which will be the 
same as the natural water." 

An acorn may be analyzed, but it is as impossible for the 
chemist to form an acorn from its chemical elements as it 
is for him to create oak, which, in the course of nature, 
the acorn is destined to produce. To give the name, there- 
fore, of Congress Water to a mere solution of common 
salt, soda, magnesia, lime and iron, or other minerals, is as 
absurd as to give the name of wine to a mixture of cream 
of tartar, alcohol and mineral salts which this liquid proves 
to be when analyzed. 

The testimony of Dr. A. A. Hayes, and S. Dana Hayes, 
Esq., State Assayers for Massachusetts, is to the same effect, 
"Although we know just what the genuine water con-tains, 
an artificial water made by the analysis would not be the 
same thing medicinally. 




Major w.w.Leland^ 




•Khi&tV 




0/^ > 




C. W. MICTHEL, Esq., 
President of the Village. 




JOHN P. CONKLING, Esq., 

TJie Real Estate Agent. 



SARATOGA. 



OUR ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Our portraits are of citizens honored at home and well 
known abroad. Ministering to the wants and pleasures of 
summer guests, their likenesses will be interesting alike to 
the visiting and resident population. Col. Johnson, the 
popular superintendent of Congress Spring, by his efficient 
management and his thorough supervision of Congress 
Park and grounds, well maintains the honorable position 
he has so long occupied. The engravings of Hon. H. H. 
Hathorn, of Congress Hall ; Hon. J. M. Marvin, of the United 
States Hotel ; Major W. W. Leland, of the Grand Hotel, and 
James H. Breslin, Esq., of the Grand Union ; proprietors of 
the finest hotels on this continent, will be recognized by 
fashionable people everywhere. Our portrait of Postmaster 
Judson, publisher of the Saratogian, is perfect, but the artist 
has failed to give as good a likeness of Col. D. F. Ritchie, 
editor of that sparkling journal. 

The fine engravings which illustrate this work have been 
made expressly for it, and are from the skillful burins of 
Mr. P. R. B. Pierson, of No. 7 Beekman street, New York, 
an artist who has no superior in his profession. By special 
arrangement, the exclusive right to photograph these en- 
gravings for this season belongs to Mr. E. S. Sterry, of the 
Clarendon Park .Studio at Washington Spring, Saratoga, 
one of # the finest photographers in America, and whose 
studio is well worth a visit. 



AN ELEGANT BUSINESS OFFICE. 

While Saratoga may justly boast of its elegant empori- 
ums of art and fashion, and its metropolitan stores, it is 
doubtful if there is any town of its size in the wide world 
which contains a more beautiful and attractive real estate 



SARATOGA. 



exchange than Saratoga's central office, the superb estab- 
lishment of John P. Conkling, Esq., the leading real estate 
agent of the town. 

As this office is a famous resort of the visiting popula- 
tion, and is specially arranged for their benefit, and, as 
their headquarters, it merits more than a passing notice in 
our guide. Here is the " Visitors' Register," where all 
sojourners at the fashionable Spa register their names 
and location, that their friends stopping at other hotels, 
boarding-houses or cottages may readily find them. Free 
stationery, postal cards, etc., in abundance, are provided for 
all, and Saratoga's guests are invited to make themselves 
at home, while errand boys, messengers, etc., are in con- 
stant attendance. Hourly stock reports are posted in a 
conspicuous place. 

The office is in "Hill's Building" on Broadway, and 
directly opposite Division street and the new States Hotel. 
This office, with the elegant drug establishment of F. T. 
Hill & Co., occupies the entire ground floor, and also a por- 
tion of the story above. It is furnished in black walnut, 
Brussels carpeting, etc., while its walls are adorned with 
numerous pictures and a copy of every map of the town 
which has ever been made, dating back to 1785. 

The illustration of our artist conveys some idea of the 
place, but it is impossible in a wood engraving, however, 
fine, to picture, in all its brilliancy and beauty, this mag- 
nificent real estate office of Saratoga. 

When Mr. Conkling commenced business in 1871 there 
were scarcely any transactions in real estate in this vicinity. 
By his indomitable energy and enterprise, and by his 
systematic advertising, honorable dealing and attention to 
business, he has added much to the demand for real estate 
in our beautiful village. 



SARATOGA. 



At Mr. Conkling's suggestion, the summer cottages at 
Saratoga, erected for city guests, have been made more 
commodious and replete with all the modern improve- 
ments. These summer " cottages " are destined to become 
a popular feature of the town. The number annually- 
rented is constantly increasing. Mr. Conkling is agent for 
the best places. He has arrangements so that, when 
lessees of property wish to leave town, he takes care of 
their places for them without charge, and he invites all 
who do business with him to make his office their head- 
quarters, which is nice, of course, for cottage residents. 
Mr. Conkling also does a large business in negotiating first- 
class mortgages. In addition to his unusual enterprise Mr. 
Conkling is noted for his social qualities, and is reckoned 
as the prince of good fellows, his ready speech and witty 
repartee making him welcome at all public meetings. 

A part of the office is occupied by Mr. Gr. W. Smith as a 
fine jewelry store, where only first-class goods are offered 
for sale. Mr. Smith is also engaged in private banking, 
and loans money on personal security. 

A desk in this establishment is also appropriated to Mr. 
Abram Viele, the general insurance agent, who represents 
the following first-class companies, viz.: iEtna, Phoenix and 
Connecticut of Hartford, the Home and Atlantic of New 
York, Liverpool and London and Globe, and the North 
British and Mercantile, besides the Connecticut Mutual 
Life Insurance Company. 

The Continental Hotel, 

Located on V r ashington street, one block from Hathorn 
Spring, has many excellent features for families as well as 
transient guests. Its broad piazzas are always cool. 
Children are delighted with their play grounds, wherein 



SARATOGA. 



they may romp and play, and, by their innocent recreation, 
cultivate ruddy cheeks, glowing health, and a vigorous 
constitution. Croquet lawns, cool and shady, invite the 
pretty misses and gallant beaux to try their skill with the 
mallet and the ball. 

Many of the rooms are arranged in suits for family use, 
and are all provided with large clothes-presses, wardrobes, 
etc., a feature which will be appreciated by the gentler sex. 

Although the house is smaller in size than Congress Hall 
or the Grand Union, its apartments are fully as large and 
pleasant, while the public rooms are particularly con- 
venient and ample, and the offices, reception and reading 
rooms, parlors, dining-rooms, bath-rooms, etc., are all fur- 
nished in a superior manner. 

But this is not all — the Continental has superior cooks, 
colored waiters, and all the appurtenances of a first-class 
house. Just before the opening of the present season a 
number of improvements have been made, and the pro- 
prietors show plainly that they aim to keep the best hotel 
in Saratoga. 

The terms at this house are extremely reasonable for 
the accommodations afforded, being only $3.50 per day, or 
from $21 to $25 per week. 




SARATOGA. 



THE BOARDINGS AT SARATOGA. 



The poet citizen, Mr. W. B. B. Westcott, has revised, 
expressly for this work, a poem, illustrating by a walk 
through the principal streets, the accommodations of our 
town. It is just to add that we have been obliged, by a 
lack of space, to omit several portions. 

At Congress Spring, this pleasant morn, 

We'll drink our sparkling glass, 
Then take a walk about the town 

And note whate'er we pass. 

To South Broadway we first repair, 

And now, on musing wings, 
We'll flit among the " boardings" here 

At Saratoga Springs. 

The " Manor House," on South Broadway, 

At Moscrip's first we call- 
Now find, at Fraser's "Everett House," 

A nice retreat for all. 

The " Wagar House," across the way- 
Here "Albemarle " we find— 

The "Huestis House," just opposite, 
To call we are inclined. 

"Mount Pleasant House," with columns high, 

Is here upon our left ; 
And strangers always feel at home 

Who stop with Mrs. Tefft. 

The " Clarendon," in pleasant shade 

Upon the hill-side stands; 
With ample grounds and spacious rooms— 

A prospect fine commands. 

" Columbian " is standing near, 

With stories towering high ; 
Gives ample proof of life within 

As we are passing by. 

The " Grand Hotel," with noble front, 

In measured lines we sing; 
Its fine piazzas face the park 

Surrounding Congress spring. 



SARATOGA. 



The " Union," known throughout the land 

From Maine to Texan plains, 
Nor shall we cease to speak its praise 

While Breslin holds the reins. 

There "Congress Hall" looms up on high, 

Majestic, spacious, grand ; 
'Tis Hathorn's and our village pride — 

Unequaled in the land. 

The "American," whene'er you stop 

To hreakfast, tea or dine, 
You'll find the table amply spread, 

And fare exceeding fine. 

The dear old " States," a Phoenix like, 

Uplifts her wings once more : 
And when another " season " rolls 

She'll open wide her door. 

The "Arlington," with lofty wings, 

Stands plainly now in view- 
Campbell and Shaw here greet their friends, 

Which number not a few. 

George Schmidt he keeps a hotel, too, 

Vay o'er ter sthreet so near, 
'Tis vare da go do smook ter pipe 

Und trink ter " lager bier." 

The " Holden House " we mention next, 

While passing up Broadway, 
And should we chance on Biggs to call, 

We'd surely want to stay. 

In that nice " villa" in the shade, 

Beyond the new Town Hall, 
A pleasant home will greet us when 

On Mrs. Balch we call. 

Beyond the church the " Broadway House "— 

And Wheeler's, just along; 
And Mrs. Putnam o'er the way, 

We mention in our song. 

The " Waverly," as we pass by, 

Her modest hand extends, 
And we will venture to remark, 

She does not lack for friends. 

"Washington Hall," that fine old spot, 
In memory reaches far; 

Still shaded by those ancient elms- 
Is kept by Mrs. Starr. 

'Neath yonder stately oaken shade, 

We make another call, 
And Howland meets us at the door 

Of pleasant "Broadway Hall." 

On Front street is the "Osborn House;" 

At " Bricket's " next we call ; 
Here Spooner's cosey "Albion House," 

And there is " Elniwood Hall." 




!» W 



SARATOGA. 



On Grove street's corner is a place 

We very much admire — 
" Vermont House" being much enlarged, 

Still kept by Mr. Dyer. 

At " Circular Street House" we find, 

Near Palmer's open door, 
The blooming youth and silvered age 

Assembled by the score. 

That " Institute" just o'er the way 

Is kept by Doctors Strong, 
Whose guests, at morning and at eve, 

Their voices join in song. 

'Neath yonder tower is " Temple Grove," 
Where Dowds no efforts spare 

To make their house a pleasant one 
While you are staying there. 

And when the boarding season's o'er, 

(We'll whisper in your ear), 
This is for girls, a classic school, 

The balance of the year. 

This quiet house near where we stand 

Is pleasant as the morn, 
And home-like do they always feel 

Who stay with Mrs. Thorn. 

We find on Spring street Carpenter, 
With Sharp, and Billy Young, 

And Mrs. Mott and Oakley, too. 
And Morse, their guests among. 

Up Phila street at Rossiter's 

'Tis quiet and genteel — 
And Vanderberg's, one door beyond, 

At home we always feel. 

Here's Mrs. Coggswell's boarding-house, 

Down Phila, as we go; 
And Pond extends to you his hand, 

'Tis but one door below. 

On Putnam's corner of the street 

Is Mrs. Cole, you know: 
To Daniel Palmer's house up north, 

Just half a block you go. 

" Nat" Waterbm-y's " Franklin House," 
On Church street— known so well— 

With Mrs. Reed, one door beyond, 
A quiet place to dwell. 

" Commercial," standing up the street, 

Is open all the year, 
And daily at the " Western," too, 

The travelers appear. 

If in the street, called Washington, 
We next for boarding search, 

At Andrus' it is quite select, 
Next to Bethesda Church. 



SARATOGA. 



The " Wilbur House" is known so well, 

It has no need of rhyme, 
The self-same people come each year, 

To spend the summer time. 

" Green Mountain House " is near at hand, 

It at our right is seen ; 
We'll venture 'tis a pleasant place, 

It looks so nice and clean. 

The " Continental," towering high, 

Beyond the railroad stands, 
Where Mann and Adams meet your wants 

With ever liberal hands. 

On Franklin square is Mrs. Chase, 
Whose guests her praises speak, 

And Mrs. Andrews' private board" 
Is just adown the street. 

Upon our right, the " Morey House" 

Is furnished new and well, 
And we aver that Mrs. M. 

"Knows how to keep hotel." 

The Eeverend Thompson is below, 

A door or two we see — 
While Babcock's villa o'er the way 

Looks right invitingly. 

On Congress street — the "Pitney House "- 

Nor need we further roam 
To find a more genteel resort 

Than furnished by Jerome. 

'Mid rural scenes — the "Mansion House," 

To her our muse shall sing ; 
Her broad piazza — shady grounds — 

O'erlook Excelsior Spring. 

If, from the bustle of the town, 

You wish a quiet, then. 
You take the '' bus" up North Broadway 

To " Mitchel's " shady " Glen." 

And many are the places more 
That should our mention share; 

But for the present pass them by 
For want of space to spare. 




CHAPTER V. 



A FEW STATISTICS. 



OT only the members of the Gradgrind 
family in their search for " facts," but the 
general public may find interest in a few 
figures, in regard to the hotels and prices 
of Saratoga. We copy a few items from 
the steward's book of the Grand Union. 
The quantity of food consumed at the 
hotels of Saratoga reflect credit upon the 
mineral springs as promoters of the appe- 
tite. The following statement gives the 
average daily consumption of certain 
articles at the Grand Union last August : 

Milk — over 1,200 quarts, furnished by Mr. J. W. Eddy, 
of Saratoga. 

Beef — 1,500 pounds, from Ottoman, of Fulton Market. 
Chickens — 800, received from Syracuse and Western 
New York. 

Berries — 250 quarts, from Plattsburgh, N. Y. 
To prepare and serve up this daily pabulum requires 35 
cooks and 200 waiters. 

Certain penny-a-liners have thought it " smart " to gas 
about the extravagant charges of watering places. How- 
ever it may be at Niagara, or at our shoddy resorts, the 
rates of Saratoga are marvelously low; and when the 
shortness of the season is considered, the vast expense at 
which the beautiful establishments of Saratoga are fitted 




SARATOGA. 



up and maintained ; the natural attractions of the place ; 
the daily music and the nightly ball, and last, but far from 
least, the charming society of refined and cultivated people, 
culled as it were from the best circles of our country, one 
cannot but wonder at the moderate prices at which comfort 
and advantages, which ought not to be rated by dollars 
and cents, are afforded. 

French cooks, with all their flourishes and bills of fare, 
private parlors and extras, are tempting to some, but one 
can have all the advantages of the place, and see all the 
fun, just as well, and live very moderately, less than in 
the cities, at Saratoga. 

Greedy for fees, some of the waiters may be, but so are 
most of us — including the lawyers and doctors of Gotham. 
Really, however, a judicious feeing will obtain valuable 
attention, as we happen to know, though it is neither nec- 
essary nor universal at any of the hotels. 

To refute any false notions that may be prevalent, we 
have collected, with great care, a list of the prices of the 
boarding-houses and hotels, for publication in this chapter. 

Most people like to drive a fast horse, and they can do 
so very reasonably here. 

A nice single team can be obtained a whole afternoon for 
only $3, and a nobby carriage and coachman will carry a 
party to the Lake and back for from $3 to $6, at any time 
during the season. 

Hack fare is 50 cents for each passenger. Omnibuses 
will carry you to the Lake and back for 75 cents, or to the 
Glacier and Geyser Spouting Springs or to the Sulphur 
Bath for 20 cents. An elegant turnout, including coachman, 
can be leased by the month for $75 ; this includes the 
exclusive use. The liveries of Saratoga are very neat. 
Excellent accommodations for those who bring their own 
teams can be obtained for from $8 to $10 per week for 



SARATOGA. 



each horse. Over three thousand private carriages are 
here every summer. 

The following list of nearly all the hotels and boarding- 
houses with their prices, etc., has been obtained from a 
thorough personal canvass. We publish the list only for 
the information of our readers, and not to advertise the 
boarding-houses ; still we found, with one or two curious 
exceptions, " Barkis was willin all round." We trust all 
these, and any who have been omitted, will report at once 
every error and omission, as it is a matter of importance 
for them as well as the public. Communications should 
be addressed to Box 930, Saratoga Springs. 

Correspondents and others will notice this article, as well 
as this book, is copyrighted, and, if disposed to " borrow " 
or copy, will please give us just a bit of credit you know. 

The list represents something of the accommodations of 
Saratoga. It should be remembered that, during the height 
of the season, a large number of private residences are 
also filled by the guests of the hotels, as they often become 
so full that they are obliged to " colonize." Saratoga is a 
place where you can " pay your money and take your 
choice," and not like some "resorts," where you pay your 
money and some one else takes the choice. And here is 
the list of 

HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES. 

Grand Hotel, Congress Park (a new hotel just opened), 
has the best location in town. Every modern improve- 
ment. Gilmore's band furnish the music. 

W. W. Leland and Company proprietors. Managing 
clerk, " Chris " Brunson (formerly of the Clarendon, Sara- 
toga, and Sturtevant House, New York); cashier, Z. T. 
Cushman of Boston ; office clerks, Mr. Wilson of Barnum's 
Hotel, St. Louis and Mr. ; steward, Mr. E. N. Still- 



1M 



M- 




SARATOGA. 



man ; chief cook, Pietro Testero, of Metropolitan Hotel, 
New York ; servants, over 300. Accommodations, 1,000 
guests. Prices, June, $4.50 per day, $28 per week ; July 
and August, $5 per day, $31.50 per week. 

Grand Union Hotel, Broadway. The largest hotel in the 
world. Newly furnished and frescoed since last season. 
Messrs. Breslin, Gardner & Co., proprietors. Mr. J. H. 
Breslin, manager; cashier, E. H. Rogers ; room clerk, W. 
C. Barrett, Jr. ; office clerks, Henry Lowell, C. H. Gage ; 
steward, George Avery ; Joe Poltingi, chief cook. Accom- 
modations, 1,200 guests. Prices, $5 per day. 

Congress Hall, Broadway, extending from Hathorn to 
Congress Spring and Park. The gem of Saratoga. Has 
the finest ball-room in the country, connected with the hotel 
by a fairy -like bridge. Hathorn and Southgate, proprie- 
tors ; G. R. Sangster, cashier ; F. H. Hathorn, room clerk ; 
A. F. Leake and W . A. Coster, office clerks ; W. A. Hamil- 
ton, private book-keeper; J. N. Crawford, s teward. Ac- 
commodations, 1,000 to 1,200 guests. Prices $5 per day. 

Clarendon Hotel, South Broadway. Newly furnished 
and kept by Mr. Charles E. Leland, the proprietor. Cashier* 
Albert Pond ; room clerk, Simeon Leland, Jr.; book-keeper, J. 
M. Marvin, Jr. ; private book-keeper, C. K. Haskell. Accom- 
modations, 450 guests. Prices, $4.50 per day, $31.50 per 
week. 

Columbian Hotel, Broadway, facing Congress Spring and 
Park, and between the Washington and Crystal Springs. 
Col. D. A. Dodge, proprietor. Surpasses all the smaller 
hotels (they call a hotel small in Saratoga that does not 
accommodate over four hundred) in the beauty of location 
and accessibility to the springs. Accommodates 200 guests. 
Prices transient, $3.50 per day; weekly — June, $21, July 
and August — $21 to $25. 

Everett House, South Broadway. B. V. Fraser, proprie- 



SARATOGA. 



tor. This is one of the best hotels in Saratoga, with a 
superior tableand home-like attractions. Accommodations 
for 150. Prices transient, $3.50 per day; weekly — June, 
$21 to $24 ; July and August, $24. 

Holden House, Broadway, two doors above the new 
States. Major W. J. Riggs, proprietor. An excellent hotel 
for a moderate price. Accommodates 75 guests. Prices, 
transient, from $2 to $3 ; weekly, from $10 to $15 during 
June ; from $15 to $21, during July and August. 

The prices and accommodations of the other hotels are 
given in the following tables. 



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SARATOGA. 161 








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COMPLETE PROGRAMME 



OF — 




*r 



1 8 r 




FIRST 


MEETING: 




i, 24th July. 






Saturday, 26th 


July. * 




Tuesday, 29th July . 






Thursday, 31st July. 




Saturday, 


2d August 



SECOND MEETING: 

Tuesday, 5th August. 

Thursday, 7th August. 

Saturday, 9th August. 

Tuesday, 12th August. 

Thursday, 14th August. 

Saturday, 1.6th August. 



EACES PROMPTLY AT 12 O'CLOCK EACH LAY. 



THE FIRST REGULAR MEETING 



muu§n %#**tt*fi** 



WILL COMMENCE ON 



JULY 24, 1873, 

.AJVI> CONTINUE JL© FOLLOWS. 

FIRST DAY- JULY 24. 



First Race — The Ti°avers Stakes. 

For three-year olds ; one and three-quarter miles ; $50 entrance, 
p. p., $1,000 added by the Association, $5l0 in plate by Win. R. 
Travers, Esq., President. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. W. F. Stanhope's (W.-W. Glenn's) ch c Merodac (late O. P. B.) 

by Australian, dam Ada Cheatham, by Lexington. 

2. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, dam Jenny Rose. 

3. Hunter & Travers' ch c Satirist, by Censor, dam Fanny Fern. 

4. Hunter & Travers' ch c Captain Garland, by Leamington, dam 

Genista. 

5. Hunter and Travers' blk c Strachino, by Parmesau, dam May 

Bell. 

6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Saturn, by Planet, dam Jenny H. 

7. Hunter & Travers' b f Girl of the Period, by Eclipse, dam 

Oliata. 

8. Hunter & Travers' b f Megara, by Eclipse, dam Ulrica. 

9. Hunter & Travers' ch f Quits, by Eclipse, dam Columbia. 

10. Hunter & Travei-s' b f Loena, by Leamington, dam Pussy. 

11. Hunter & Travers' b f Luna, by Asteroid, dam Glencliffe. 

12. John O'Donnell's b c by Lightning, dam by Glencoe out of 

Laura Webster. 

13. John O'Donnell's gr f by Lightning, dam by Revenue out of 

Minnow. 

14. John A. Miller's ch f by Jack Malone, dam Woodbine, by 

Lexington. 



SARATOGA. 165 



15. John M. Clay's b c Zebedee, by Star Davis, dam Zara, by York- 

shire. 

16. John M. Clay's b f Slyboots, by Rivoli, dam Skedaddle, by 

Yorkshire. 
IT. Miles Kelly's gr c by Commodore, dam by Sovereign out of 
Reel. 

18. John Coar's ch f by Planet, dam Katona, by Voucher. 

19. John Coar's b f by Australian, dam imp Zone, by The Cure. 

20. August Belmont's b c Oaklands, by Leamington, dam Babta. 

21. Aug. Belmont's ch c Silk Stocking, by Kentucky, dam Fluke. 

22. August Belmont's ch c Count D'Orsay, by Kentucky, dam 

Lady Blessington. 

23. August Belmont's ch c Periwinkle, by Kentucky, dam Fleur 

des Champs. 

24. August Belmont's imp b c by Breadalbane, dam Ellermire. 
25 F. Morris' b c by Eclipse, dam Etiquette, by Mariner. 

26. F. Morris' ch c by Eclipse, dam Molly Jackson, by Vandal. 

27. Gov. Oden Bowie's b c Catesby, by Eclipse, dam Katie, by Two 

Bits. 

28. Gov. O. Bowie's ch c Cecil, by Baltimore, dam Sally Wood- 

ward, by Albion. 

29. W. J. Bacon's ch f Dolorosa, by Exchequer, dam Tribulation, 

by Jeff. Davis. 

30. D. Swigert's b c Cariboo, by Lexington, dam Alice Jones, by 

Glencoe. 

31. D. Swigert's (D. McDaniel & Co.'s) ch c Springbok, by Austra- 

lian, dam Hester, by Lexington. 

32. D. Swigert's ch f India, by Lexington, dam Miss Morgan, by 

Yorkshire. 

33. Joe Allen's b c Savoy, by Asteroid, dam Miss Odom. 

34. Thos. G. Bacon's ch c by Jack Malone, dam Sea Breeze. 

35. Thos. G. Bacon's b or br f by Vandal, dam Neutrality, by 

Revenue. 

36. F. Bissick's ch c Somerset, by Concord, dam by imp Glencoe. 

37. J. J. O'Fallon's ch c Polkowski, by Pat Maloy, dam Anna 

Travis, by Yorkshire. 

38. J. J. O'Fallon's b c John Davis, by Pat Maloy, dam by Epsilon. 

39. J. S.Watson's ch c King Philip, by Eclipse, dam Jessie Dixon, 

by Arlington. (Subscriber dead.) 

40. J. S. Watson's b c by Jerome Edgar, dam Minnie Minor, by 

Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 

41. J. S. Watson's c by Jerome Edgar or Extra, dam Nannie But- 

ler, by Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 

42. Geo. W. Stewart's ch f by Planet, darn Volga, by Glencoe. 

43. Denison & Crawford's ch c Woodsman, by Bourbon, dam 

Emma Johnson. 

44. D. McDaniels (J. W. Bell & Co.'s) ch c Cros3 the Sea, by Ely, 

dam Beatrice. 

45. D. McDaniel's ch f by Lexington, dam Dolly Carter. 
40. I). McDaniel's ch f bv Planet, dam Minnie Mansfield. 

47. D. McDaniel's b f by Blackbird, dam by Planet, grand dam by 

Fly-by-Night. 

48. K. W. Sears' br f Annie Hall by Leamington, dam Echo, by- 

Lexington. 

49. H. P. McGrath's b c Tom Bowling, by Lexington, dam Lucy 

Fowler, by Albion. 



166 SARATOGA. 



50. M. H. Sanford's b c by King Lear, dam Dot. 

51. H. M. Sandford's b c by King Lear dam Goneril. 

52. M. H. Sandford's ch c by Planet, dam Mildred. 

53. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, by Concord, dam Dolly Morgan, 

by Revenue. 

54. M. A. Littell's b o Wildidle, by Australian, dam Idlewild. 

55. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian, dam JErolite, 

sister to Idlewild. 

56. J. C. Hare's b c by Asteroid, dam Edith, by Sovereign. 

57. R. W. Walden's ch c Liverpool, by Planet, dam Novice, by 

Glencoe. 

58. T. G. Saunders' (G-. H. Rice & Co.'s) ch c by Hiawatha, dam 

Rapid Ann, by Jack Malone. 

59. W. M. Conner's (Babcock & Ransom's) b c Ransom, by Aste- 

roid, dam Banner, by Albion. 

60. W. M. Conner's b c by Planet, dam Zephyr, by Lexington. 

61. John Coffee's br c B. F. Carver, by Lightning, dam La Vic- 

time. 

62. John Coffee's gr c by Lightning, dam Jessamine Porter. 

63. W. Cottrill's b f Sally Watson, by Daniel Boone, dam Maggie 

G, by Brown Dick. 

64. R. W. Cameron's ch c by Leamington, dam Rebecca. 

65. W. Cameron's b f by Leamington, dam Eleanor. 

66. D. D. Withers' imp b c by Blair Athol, dam Coimbra, by King- 

ston. 

67. D. D. Withers' imp b c by Marsyas, dam Marchioness, by 

Marquis. 

68. Clark &, Grinstead's b c by imp Australian, dam Cicily Jopson, 

(imp) by Weatherbit. 

69. Jas. A. Grinstead's ch f by imp Australian, dam Lorette, by 

Sovereign. 

70. Jas. A. Grinstead's ch f Tarantilla, by imp Australian, dam 

Schottische, by imp Albion. 

71. Leonard Jerome's ch c by imp Australian, dam imp Weather- 

witch, by Weatherbit. 

72. Leonard Jerome's b c by Lexington, dam Kitty Clarke, by 

Glencoe. 

73. P. S. Forbes' (P. Lorillard's), ch c Free Lance, by Kentucky, 

dam Parachute. 

74. Thos. W. Doswell's ch c by Australian, dam Mazurka, by 

Lexington. 

75. Isaac W. Pencock's ch c by Planet, dam Rebecca T. Price, by 

The Colonel. 

76. H. G. Bunch's ch f Nannie B, by Veto, dam Laura Williams, 

by Glencoe. 

77. Buford & Visman's b c Count Fosco, by Endorser, dam Lida, 

(Inquirer's dam), by Lexington. 

78. S. D. Bruce's ch c Galway, by Concord, dam Maudina, by 

Australian. 

79. James W. Wasson's b f by Voucher, dam by Waterloo, out of 

Emily Jordan. 

Second Race — Sweepstakes. 

For all ages; $50 entrance, p. p., with $800 added ; one mile and 
a quarter. 



SARATOGA. 167 



NOMINATIONS. 

1. D. J. Crouse's br h Ckillicothe, 6 years, by Lexington, out of 

Lilla. 
3. M. H. Sanford's b h Monarchist, 5 years, by Lexington, out of 

Mildred. 

3. M. H. Sanford's b h Preakness, 6 years, by Lexington, out of 

Bay Leaf. 

4. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch h Harry Bassett, 5 years, by Lexington, 

out of Canary Bird. 

5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch c Joe Daniels, 4 years, by Australian, 

out of Doliy Carter. 

6. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, 3 years, by Concord, out of Dolly 

Morgan . 

7. Hunter & Travers' b h Alarm, 4 years, by imp Eclipse, out of 

imp Maud. 

8. Hunter & Travers' blk c Strachino, 3 years, by Parmesan, out 

of May Bell. 

9. Carroll & Coar's br h Ortolan, 6 years, by Doneraile, out of 

Canary Bird. 

10. Denison & Crawford's ch c King Philip, 3 years, by Eclipse, 

out of Jessie Dixon. 

11. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Jean Valjean, 3 years, by Lightning, out 

of Sequin, by imp Eclipse. 

12. J. A. Grinstead's ch f, 3 years, by Lightning, dam by Vandal, 

out of Lampi's dam. 

13. Rice & McCormick's ch h "Wanderer, 5 years, by Lexington out 

of Coral, by Vandal. 

14. Rice & McCormick's ch h Stockwood, 5 years, by Asteroid out 

of Alabama, by Brown Dick. 

15. W. Cottrill's b f Eveline Mabry, 4 years, by Jack Malone, out 

of Bettie Martin. 

Tl%ircl Race — The Flashstakes. 

For two-years-olds, $100 each, h. f ., with $500 added ; second 
horse to save his stake : half a mile. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. Oden Bowie's b c Keene Richards, by War Dance, out of Ever- 

green, by Glencoe. 

2. A. Uelmont's b f Theodora, by Kentucky, out of imp Camilla. 

3. A. Belmont's imp ch c King Amadeus, by King of Trumps, 

out of Amethyst. 

4. A. Belmont's blk f Gondola, by Beadsman, out of imp Felucca. 

5. D. J. Crouse's b c Culpepper, by Revolver, out of Gentle Annie. 

6. George Avers' ch c Erastus Corning, by Lightning, out of Nora 

Creina. 

7. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by Asteroid, out of Canary Bird. 

8. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by imp Leamington, out of Sarah B. 

9. Joseph Donahue's ch c, by Kentucky, out of Zaidee. 

10. John F. Chambeiiin'.s b c Visigoth, by Asteroid, out of Van- 

dalia, by Vandal. 

11. John F. Chamberlin's ch c Weathercock, by imp Australian, 

out of imp Weatherwich. 

12. M. A. Littell's b c Reform, by Leamington, out of Stolen 

Kisses. 



168 SARATOGA. 



13. R. W. Cameron's b f, by Warminster, out of Lady Spang. 

14. Hunter & Travers' b c Equleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 

15. Hunter & Travers' b f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of General 

Duke's dam. 

16. Hunter & Travers' b f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 

17. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jennie 

Rose. 

18. Hunter & Travers' b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 

19. H. P. McGrath's b c Aarou Pennington, by Tipperary, out of 

Lucy Fowler. 

20. H. P. McGrath's ch f Petty, by Tipperary, out of The Greek 

Slave, by imp Glencoe. 

21. P. Morris' b f Regardless, by Eclipse, out of Barbarity, by 

Simoon. 
23. F. Morris' b c, by Eclipse, out of Slasher Barbarity mare. 

23. John Coffee's b f , by Leamington, out of Jessamine Porter. 

24. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by Leamington, out of Long 

Nine, by Lightning. 

25. J. A. Grinstead's ch c, by Gilroy, out of Sequin, by imp 

Eclipse. 

26. J. A. Grinstead's ch f , by Gilroy, out of Mishap, by imp Knight 

of St. George. 

27. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b f Vandalite, by Vandal, out of Vesper 

Light. 

28. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s, ch f Belle of Australia, by Australian, out 

of Woodford Belle. 

29. T. G. Moore's b c (brother to London), by Lightning, out of 

Sister to Jerome Edgar. 



SECOND DAY- JULY 26. 



First Race — The Alabama Stakes, 187 S. 

A sweepstakes of $50 each, p. p., with $1,000 added; for fillies 
foaled in 1870; one mile and one-eighth. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. Hunter & Travers' b f Girl of the Period, by Eclipse, dam 

Oliata. 

2. Hunter & Travers' br f Megara, by Eclipse, dam Ulrica. 

3. Hunter & Travers' ch f Quits, by Eclipse, dam Columbia. 

4. Hunter & Travers' b f Loena, by Leamington, dam Pussy. 

5. Hunter & Travers' b f Luna, by Asteroid, dam Glencliffe. 

6. John O'Donnell's gr f by Lightning, dam by Revenue, out of 

Minnow. 

7. Miles Kelly's f Lady Hardaway, by Commodore, dam Union, 

by Union. 

8. August Belmont's ch f Electra, by Kentucky, dam Bernice. 

9. August Belmont's b f Medora, by Kentucky, dam Camilla. 

10. August Belmont's b f Scarlet, by Kentucky, dam Maroon. 

11. Gov. Oden Bowie's ch f Cachucha, by Enquirer, dam Quick- 

step, by Australian. 



SARATOGA. 169 



12. Gov. Oden Bowie's gr f Irma, by Eugene, dam Parepa by 

Whale. 

13. W. J. Bacon's ch f Dolorosa, by Exchequer, dam Tribulation, 

by Jeff. Davis. 

14. D. Swiger's ch f India, by Lexington, dam Miss Morgan, by 

Yorkshire. 

15. Thos. A. Lynch's gr f Lady Hope, by Eugene, dam Kate 

Sovereign, by Sovereign. 

16. Geo. Cadwallader'sb f The Pet, by Vandal, dam Magneta, by 

Mahomet. 

17. B. G. Thomas' b f War Reel, by War Dance, dam Dixie. 

18. J. W. Hunt Reynolds' ch f Buchu. by Planet, dam Lavender. 

19. Thomas G. Bacon's b or br f by Vandal, dam Neutrality, by 

Revenue. 

20. T. G. Bacon's b f by Barnwell, dam Lost Cause, by Revenue. 

21. J. J. O'Fallon's b f Minnie Ward, by Pat Malloy, dam Kate 

Ward. 

22. D. McDaniel's ch f by Planet, dam Minnie Mansfield. 

23. D. McDaniel's ch f by Lexington, dam Dolly Carter. 

24. D. McDaniel's b f by Blackbird, dam by Planet, grandam bv 

Fly-by-Night. 

25. K. W. Sears' br f Annie Hall, by Leamington, dam Echo, by 

Lexington. 

26. H. P. McGrath's ch f Tabitha, by Tipperary, dam Greek Slave, 

by Glencoe. 

27. M. H. Sanford's b f by Moulsey, out of Delilah. 

28. M. H. Sanford's b f by Lexington, dam Bay Leaf. 

29. M. H. Sanford's ch f by Planet, dam Alabama. 

30. L. L. Lorillard's b f by Kentucky, dam Blue Ribbon. 

31. R. W. YValden's ch f Minnie W., by Planet, dam Edina, by 

Knight of St. George. 

32. W. M. Conner's b f by Planet, dam Ultima, by Lexington. 

33. John Coffee's b f by Beacon, dam Maiden. 

34. W. Cottrill's b f Sallie Watson, by Daniel Boone, dam Maggie 

G-, by Brown Dick. 

35. W. Cottrill's b f Sally Keller, by Daniel Boone, dam by Bill 

Cheatham. 

36. R. W. Cameron's b f by Leamington or Hampton Court, dam 

Jerusalem. 

37. R. W. Cameron's ch f by Leamington, dam Floride. 

38. R. W. Cameron's b f by Leamington, dam Eleanor. 

39. J. A. Grimstead's ch f (sister to Brennus), by Lightning, dam 

Brenna, by Knight of St. George. 

40. Tims. W. Doswell's ch f Cara Lisa, by Censor, dam Fanny 

Washington. 

41. T. W. Doswell's gr f by Australian, dam Eagless, by Glencoe. 

Second Race — Purse $500. 

For all ages ; three-quarters of a mile. 

Third Race — Steeplechase. 

About three miles ; welterweights; $800 to the winner; $200 to 
the second, and $100 to the third horse. Total purse, $1,100. 



1 70 SARATOGA. 



THIRD DAY -JULY 



First Race— The Saratoga Stakes. 

For two-year-olds; $50 entrance, p. p., with $1,000 added; 
three-quarters of a mile. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. Denison and Crawford's ch f by Leamington out of Julietta, 

by Censor. 

2. D. McDaniel's b c by Julius out of Leisure, by Red Eye. 

3. D. McDaniel's b f by Leamington, dam by Arlington out of 

Oakland's dam, by Margrave. 

4. D. McDaniel's br f by Asteroid, out of Canary Bird (Harry 

Bassett's dam). 

5. Hunter & Travers' b c King Pin, by Lexington, out of Eltham 

Lass. 

6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Crow's Meat, by Censor, out of Intrigue. 

7. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jennie 

Rose. 

8. Hunter & Travers' b c Equuleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 

9. Hunter & Travers b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 

10. Hunter & Travers' ch f Ethel, by Leamington, out of L'Ang- 

laise. 

11. Hunter & Travers' br f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of Lilla. 

12. Hunter & Travers' ch f Gossip, by Censor, out of Genista. 

13. Hunter & Travers' br f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 

14. John F. Chamberbin's b c Long Branch, by War Dance, out of 

Lassie of Sidney. 

15. John F. Chamberlin's b c by Asteroid out of Vandalia, by 

Vandal. 

16. John F. Chamberlin's ch c by Australian out of Weatherwitch, 

(Little Mack's dam). 

17. John F. Chamberlin's ch f by Planet out of Mazurka, by Lex- 

ington. 

18. D. Swigert's ch c Acrobat, by Lexington out of Sallie Lewis, 

by Glencoe. 

19. A. Keene Richards' ch c Monmouth, by War Dance out of 

Saratoga, by Knight of St. George. 

20. Leonard Jerome's b c by Leamington out of The Gloamin', 

by Glencoe. 

21. Leonard Jerome's b f by Jerome Edgar out of Chignon, sister 

to climax. 

22. John Coffee's br f by Leamington out of Jessamine Porter, 

by Australian. 

23. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by Leamington out of Long 

Nine, by Lightning. 

24. Woodward Springfield's (FT. N. Horerce's) b c Kingsley, by 

Concord, dam by imp Glencoe. 

25. August Belmont's b c Scratch, by Kentucky out of imp Fluke. 

26. August Belmont's b g Sparks by Censor out of Attraction. 

27. August Belmont's imp ch c King Amadeus, by King of 

Trumps out of Amethyst. 

28. August Belmont's gr c Steel Eyes, by Planet out of Eagless. 



29. August Belmont's b f Theodora, by Kentucky out of Camilla. 

30. W. M. Conner's ch f Moonbeam, by Planet out of Edina, by 

Knight of St. George. 

31. P. Lorillard's imp be by Beadsman out of Girasol, by Asteroid. 

32. J. F. Merrill's ch f by Asteroid out of imp Target, by Rifleman. 

33. F. Morris' b c by Eclipse out of Slasher Barbarity mare. 

34. F. Morris' b c by Monday out of Ruthless. 

35. F. Morris' b f by Eclipse out of Barbarity, 

36. H. P. McGrath b c Aaron Pennington, by Tipperary out of 

Lucy Fowler. 

37. Zeb Ward's b f Thankful by Lexington out of Sue Morrissey, 

by imp Eclipse out of Mollie Jackson. 

38. R. W. Cameron's (M. A. Littell's) b c Brother to Inverary, by 

Leamington out of Stolen Kisses. 

Second Race — The Saratoga Cup. 

Of $1,200 (of .$200 to the second horse) added to a sweepstakes of 
$50 each, p. p. ; two and a quarter miles. 

NOMINATIONS. 

I. August Belmont's ch f Woodbine, 4 years, by Censor or Ken- 

tucky out of Fleur des Champs. 

2. D. J. Crouse's ch c Business, 4 years, by Revolver out of Syren. 

3. M. H. Sanford's b h Preakness, 6 years, by Lexington out of 

Buy Leaf. 

4. M. H. Sanford's b h Monarchist, 5 years, by Lexington out of 

Mildred. 

5. D. Mc Daniel & Co.'s b h Tubman, 5 years, by War Dance out 

of Lassie of Sidney. 

6. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch c Joe Daniels, 4 years, by imp Aus- 

tralian out of Dolly Carter. 

7. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch h Harry Bassett, 5 years, by Lexing- 

ton out of Canary Bird. 

8. Jos. Donahue's ch h Alroy, 5 years, by Australian out of Nellie 

Gray, by Lexington. 

9. John F. Chamberlin's b c True Blue, 4 years, by Lexington 

out of Balloon. 
10. M. A. Littell's gr m Mary Clark, 5 years, by Lexington out of 
Eagless, by Glencoe. 

II. Hunter & Travers' b h Alarm, 4 years, by imp Eclipse out of 

imp Maud. 

12. I. W. Pennock's b c, 4 years, by Vandal out of Margravine, by 

imp Margrave. 

13. Rice & McCormick's ch h Wanderer, 5 years, by Lexington out 

of Coral, by Vandal. 

14. Rice & McCormick's ch h Stockwood, 5 years, by Asteroid out 

of Alabama, by Brown Dick. 

15. T. G. Moore's gr c London, 4 years, by Lightning out of Sister 

to Jerome Edgar. 

Third Race— Purse $500. 

Selling race, for all ages ; one mile and a quarter ; horses en- 
tered to be sold for $3,000, to carry their appropriate weights ; 
for $2,000, allowed 7 lbs. ; for $1,500, 12 lbs. ; for $1,000, 15 lbs. ; the 
winner to be sold at auction. 



1 72 SARATOGA. 



FOURTH DAY -JULY 31. 



First Race— Purse $500. 

For all ages ; one mile. 



Second Race— Purse 

For all ages ; two miles. 

Third Race— Hurdle Race. 

For all ages ; two miles ; over 8 hurdles ; welter weights ; $500 
to the winner, $150 to the second, and $100 to the third horse; 
total purse, $750. 

FIFTH DAY -AUGUST 2. 



First Race — Purse $500. 

Selling race, for two-year-olds; three-quarters of a mile; 
horses entered to be sold for $2,000, to carry their appropriate 
weights ; for $1,500, allowed 7 lbs. ; for $1,000, $14 lbs. ; for $500, 
21 lbs. ; the winner to be sold at auction. 

Second Race—TI%e Sequel Stakes. 

For three-year-olds ; $50 entrance, p. p., with $700 added; win- 
ner of any stake this year, 7 lbs. extra; the second horse to save 
his stake ; two miles. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. August Belmont's imp b c by Breadalbane out of Ellermire. 

2. August Belmont's ch c Count D'Orsay, by Kentucky, out of 

Lady Blessington, 

3. D. J. Crouse's ch f Satire, by Revolver out of Syren. 

4. M. H. Sanford's ch g Milton, by Planet out of Mildred. 

5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch f, by Kentucky out of Zaidee, by imp 

Belschazzar. 

6. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by imp Leamington out of imp 

Wombat, by West Australian. 

7. John F. Chamberlin's ch c Lord Jersey, by War Dance, dam 

by imp Glencoe. 

8. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, by Concord out of Dolly Morgan. 

9. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian out of iErolite. 

10. Hunter & Travers' blk c Slrachino, by Parmesan out of May 

Bell. 

11. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, out of Jennie Rose. 

12. F. Morris' ch c Long Branch, by imp Eclipse, out of Mollie 

Jackson. 



13. I. W. Pennock's ch f by Jack Malone, out of Vesper Light, 

by Childe Harold. 

14. John Coffee's gr c by Lightning, out of Jessamine Porter. 

15. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Crockford, by Lightning, out of Mishap, 

by imp Knight of St. George. 

16. J. A. Grinstead's ch c, 3 years, by imp Australian, out of Laura 

White (Bazaine's dam), by Glencoe. 

17. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Jean Val.jean, 3 years, by Lightning, dam 

by Vandal, out of Lam pi's dam. 

18. J. W. Weldon's ch c Warlike, by War Dance, dam by Captain 

Beard, grandam by Buford, out of Sue Sarpedon. 

19. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b c Joe Johnston, by Hunter's Lexington, 

dam by Oliver. 

Third Race— Parse $1,000. 

For all ages ; three miles. 




THE SECOND REGULAR MEETING 



rlLL COMMENCE 



AND CONTINUE AS FOLLOWS. 



FIRST DAY -AUGUST 5. 



First Race— The Kentucky Stakes. 

For two-year-olds • $100 entrance, $50 forfeit, $1,000 added by the 
Association ; one mile. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. M. A. Littell's b c by Lightning, out of London's dam, by Star 

Davis. 

2. D. McDaniel's b c by Julius, out of Leisure, by Red Eye. 

3. D. McDaniel's b f by imp Leamington, dam by Arlington, out 

of Oakland's dam, by imp Margrave. 

4. D. McDaniel's br f by Asteroid, out of Canary Bird. (Harry 

Bassett's dam.) 

5. Hunter & Travers' b c King Pin, by Lexington, out of imp 

Eltham Lass. 

6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Crow's Meat, by Censor, out of In- 

trigue. 

7. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jenny 

Rose. 

8. Hunter & Travers' b c Equuleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 

9. Hunter & Tr.ivers' b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 

10. Hunter & Travers' ch f Ethel, by imp Leamington, out of imp 

L'Anglaise. 

11. Hunter & Travers' br f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of Lilla. 

12. Hunter & Travers 1 ch f Gossip, by Censor, out of imp Genista. 

13. Hunter & Travers' br f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 

14. John F. Chamberlin's b c Long Branch, by War Dance, out of 

Lass of Sydney (Tubman's dam). 

15. John P. Chamberlin's b c by Asteroid, out of Vandalia, by 

Vandal. 

16. John F. Chamberlin's ch c by imp Australian, out of imp 

Weatherwitch (dam of Little Mack). 

17. John F. Chamberlin's ch f by Planet, out of Mazurka, by Lex- 

ington. 

18. Abner Turner's b c, by Vandal, out of Duchess de Berri, by 

imp Sovereign. 



SARATOGA. 1 75 



19. Abner Turner's b c, by Vandal, out of Queen of the West, by- 

imp Bonnie Scotland. 

20. Abner Turner's ch f, by Hiawatha, dam by Bulletin. 

21. R. B. Cheatham's bl or br c Vanderbilt, by Vandal, out of 

Melrose, by Childe Harold. 

22. George H. Rice & Co.'s b f, by Lexington, out of Banner, by 

imp Albion. 

23. D. Swigert's ch c Acrobat, by Lexington, out of Sallie Lewis, 

by imp Glencoe. 

24. J. A. Grinstead's b c, by Gilroy, out of Sister to Ruric 

25. J. A. Grinstead's ch c, by Gilroy, out of Sequin, by imp Eclipse. 

26. Isaac W. Pennock's ch c, by Asteroid, out of Josephine R. 

Rowan, by the Colonel. 

27. John Coffee's br f, by imp Leamington, out of Jessamine Por- 

ter, by imp Australian. 

28. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by imp Leamington, out of 

Long Nine, by Lightning. 

29. Wood Stringfield's (H. N. Horerce's) b c Kingsley, by Concord, 

dam by imp Glencoe. 

30. W. M. Conner's ch c Stampede, by War Dance, out of Dolly 

Morgan, by Revenue. 

31. P. Lorillard's imp b c, by Beadsman, out of Girasol, by 

Asteroid. 

32. F. Morris' b c, by imp Eclipse, out of Slasher Barbarity mare. 

33. F. Morris' b c, by Monday, out of Ruthless. 

34. F. Morris' b f, by imp Eclipse, out of imp Barbarity. 

35. Zeb Ward's b f Thankful, by Lexington, out of Sue Morrissey, 

by imp Eclipse, out of Mollie Jackson. 

36. Bacon & Holland's b c, by imp Hurrah, out of Emma Down- 

ing, by Captain Beard. 

37. R. W. Cameron's (M. A. Littell's) b c Brother to Inverary, by 

Leamington, out of Stolen Kisses. 

Second Race— The Summer Handicap. 

For all ages ; $100 entrance, h f, $20 if declared ; weights to be 
announced 20th July ; declarations to be made on or before the 
1st of August ; two miles. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. Thos. W. Doswell's b h Eolus, 5 years, by Leamington, out of 

Fannie Washington. 

2. Buckley & Tully's imp b h Buckden, 4 years, by Lord Clifton, 

out of Consequence. 

3. M H. Sanford's b h Preakness, 6 years, by Lexington, out of 

Bay leaf. 

4. M. H. Sanford's br h Mate, 4 years, by Australian, out of 

Mattie Gross. 

5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s b h Constant, 4 years, by War Dance, out 

of Lassie of Sidney. 
G. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch f 3 years, by Kentucky, out of Zaidee, 
by imp Belshazzar. 

7. Jos. Donahue's ch h Alroy, 5 years, by Australian, out of 

Nellie Gray, by Lexington 

8. John F. Chamberlin's b f Mary Constant, 3 years, by War 

Dance, out of Lassie of Sidney. 

9. M. A. Littell's b m Winesap, 5 years, by Vandyke, out of Nina. 



1 76 SARATOGA. 



10. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, 3 years, by Concord, out of Dolly 

Morgan. 

11. R. W. Cameron's ch c 3 years, by Leamington, out of Rebecca. 

12. Hunter & Travers' blk c Strachino, 3 years, by Parmesan, out 

of May Bell. 

13. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, 3 years, by Censor, out of 

Jennie Rose. 

14. Hunter & Travers' b h Alarm, 4 years, by imp Eclipse, out of 

imp Maud. 

15. John O'Donnell's b c Fordham, 4 years, by Lightning, dam by 

Glencoe, out of Laura Webster. 

16. John O'Donnell's gr g 4 years, by Lightning, dam by Revenue, 

out of Minnow. 

17. John O'Donnell's ch c Meteor, 4 years, by Asteroid, out of 

Maria Innis. 

18. Carroll & Coar's br h Ortolan, 6 years, by Doneraile, out of 

Canary Bird. 

19. Andrew Allan's imp br h Burgundy, 6 years, by Claret, out of 

Miss Jephson, by Leamington. 

20. I. W. Pennock's b c 4 years, by Vandal, ©ut of Margravine, 

by imp Margrave. 

21. J. W. Weldon's b h King Benezet, 6 years, by Lightning, out 

of Mishap, by imp Knight of St. George. 

22. Frederick L. Hart's br g The Moor (late John Doe), 4 years, by 

Lexington, out of Lucy Fowler. 

23. A. C Franklin's b m Arizona, 5 years, by Lexington, out of 

imp Zone, by The Cure. 

24. A. C. Franklin's b f Nevada, 4 years, by Lexington, out of 

Lightsome, by imp Glencoe. 

25. Rice & McCormick's ch h Stockwood, 5 years, by Asteroid, out 

of Alabama, by Brown Dick. 

26. Rice & McCormick's b f Bessie Lee, 4 years, by Hunter's Lex- 

ington, dam by Chorister. 

Third Race — Steeplechase ; a free handicap. 

For all ages ; about three miles ; entries to be made August 2d, 
by 4 p. M. ; weights to be announced August 4. $800 to the win- 
ner, $200 to the second, and $100 to the third horse. Total purse, 
$1,100. 



SECOND DAY -AUGUST 7. 



First Race— The Kenner Stakes. 

For three-year-olds; $100 entrance, $50 forfeit ; the Association 
to add $1,500 ; two miles. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. W. F. Stanhope's (W. W. Glenn's) ch c Merodac (late O. P. B.), 

by Australian, dam Ada Cheatham, by Lexington. 

2. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, dam Jenny Rose. 

3. Hunter & Travers' ch c Satirist, by Censor, dam Fanny Fern. 




1ND HOTEL, CONGRESS PARK-W. W. LELAND & CO., PROPRIETORS 



1 

SARATOGA. 177 



4. Hunter & Travers' ch c Captain Garland, by Leamington, dam 

Genista. 

5. Hunter & Travers* blk c Strachino (imp), by Parmesan, dam 

May Bell. 

6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Saturn, by Planet, dam Jenny H. 

7. Hunter & Travers' b f Girl of the Period, by Eclipse, dam 

Oliata. 

8. Hunter & Travers' br f Megara, by Eclipse, dam Ulrica. 

9. Hunter & Travers' ch f Quits, by Eclipse, dam Columbia. 

10. Hunter & Travers' b f Loena, by Leamington, dam Pussy. 

11. Hunter & Travers' b f Luna, by Asteroid, dam Glencliffe. 

13. John O'Donnell's b c, by Lightning, dam by Glencoe, out of 
Laura Webster. 

13. John O'Donnell's gr f, by Lightning, dam by Revenue, out of 

Minnow. 

14. John A. Miller's ch f, by Jack Malone, dam "Woodbine, by Lex- 

ington. 

15. John M. Clay's b c Zebedee, by Star Davis, dam Zara, by York- 

shire. 

16. John M. Clay's b f Slyboots, by Rivoli, dam Skedaddle, by 

Yorkshire. 

17. Miles Kelly's gr c, by Commodore, dam by Sovereign, out of 

Reel. 

18. August Belmont's imp b c, by Breadalbane, dam Ellermire. 

19. August Belmont's b c Oaklands by Leamington, dam Babta. 

20. August Belmont's ch c Silk Stocking, by Kentucky, dam 

Fluke. 

21. F. Morris' b c, by Eclipse, out of Etiquette, by Mariner. 

22. F. Morris' ch c, by Eclipse, out of Mollie Jackson, by Vandal. 

23. Gov. Oden Bowie's b c Catesby, by imp Eclipse, dam Katie, by 

Two Bits. 

24. Gov. Oden Bowie's ch c Cecil, by Baltimore, dam Sally Wood- 

ward, by Albion. 

25. W. J. Bacon's ch f Dolorosa, by Exchequer, dam Tribulation, 

by Jeff Davis. 

26. D. Swigert's b c Cariboo, by Lexington, dam Alice Jones, by 

Glencoe. 

27. D. Swigert's (D. McDaniel & Co.'s ) ch c Springbok, by Austra- 

lian, dam Hester, by Lexington. 

28. D. Swigert's ch f India, by Lexington, dam Miss Morgan by 

Yorkshire. 

29. J. W. Hunt Reynold's b c Whisper, by Planet, dam Mattie 

Gross. 

30. Thos. G. Bacon's ch c by Jack Malone, dam Sea Breeze. 

31. Thos. G. Bacon's b or br f by Vandal, dam Neutrality, by 

Revenue. 

32. F. Bissick's ch c Somerset, by Concord, dam by Glencoe. 

33. J. J. O'Fallon's ch c Polkowski, by Pat Malloy, dam Anna 

Travis, by Yorkshire. 

34. J. J. O'Fallon's b c John Davis, by Pat Malloy, dam by 

Epsilon. 

35. J. S. Watson's ch c King Philiip, by imp Eclipse, out of Jessie 

Dixon (Narragansett's dam), by Arlington. (Subscriber 
dead.) 

36. J. S. Watson's b c by Jerome Edgar, out of Minnie Minor, by 

Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 



1^ 



1 78 SARATOGA. 



37. J. S. Watson's ch c by Jerome Edgar or Extra, dam Nannie 

Butler, by Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 

38. G. W. Stewart's ch f by Planet, dam Volga, by Glencoe. 

39. Denison & Crawford's ch c Woodsman, by Bourbon, dam 

Emma Johnson, bv Union. 

40. D. McDaniel's (J. W.* Bell & Co.'s) ch c Cross the Sea, by Ely, 

dam Beatrice. 

41. D. McDaniel's ch f by Lexington, dam Dolly Carter. 
43. D. McDaniel's ch f by Planet, dam Minnie Mansfield. 

43. D. McDaniel's b f by Blackbird, dam by Planet, grandam by 

Fly-by-Night. 

44. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, by Concord, dam Dolly Morgan, 

by Eevenue. 

45. M. A. Littell's b c Wildidle, by Australian, dam Idlewild. 

46. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian, dam iErolite, 

sister to Idlewild. 

47. J. C. Hare's b c by Asteroid, dam Edith, by Sovereign. 

48. R. W. Walden's ch c Liverpool, by Planet, dam Novice, by 

Glencoe. 

49. Thos. G. Saunders' (G. H. Rice & Co.'s) ch c by Hiawatha, dam 

Rapid Ann, by Jack Malone. 

50. W. M. Conner's (Babcock & Ransom's) b c Ransom, by Aste- 

roid, dam Banner, by Albion. 

51. W. M. Conner's b c by Planet, dam Zephyr, by Lexington. 

52. John Coffee's br c B. F. Carver, by Lightning, dam La Vic- 

time. 

53. John Coffee's gr c by Lightning, dam Jessamine Porter. 

54. D. D. Withers' imp b c Stonehenge, by Blair Athol, dam Coim- 

bra, by Kingston. 

55. D. D. Withers' imp b c Minstrel, by Marsyas, dam Marchion- 

ess, by Marquis. 

56. Clark & Grinstead's b c by imp Australian, dam Cicily Jop- 

son (imp) by Weatherbit. 

57. J. A. Grinstead's ch f Tarantilla, by imp Australian, dam 

Schottische, by Albion. 

58. Leonard Jerome's ch c by imp Australian, dam imp Weather- 

witch, by Weatherbilt. 

59. Leonard Jerome's b c by Lexington, dam Kitty Clark, by 

Glencoe. 

60. P. S. Forbes' (P. Lorillard's) ch c Free Lance, by Kentucky, 

dam Parachute. 

61. Thos. W. Doswell's ch c by Australian, dam Zephyr, by Lex- 

ington. 

62. Thos. W. Doswell's ch f Cara Lisa, by Censor, dam Fanny 

Washington. 

63. Thos. W. Doswell's gr f by Australian, dam Eagless, by 

Glencoe. 

64. Isaac W. Pennock's ch c by Planet, dam Rebecca T. Price, by 

The Colonel. 

65. H. D. Bunch's ch f Nannie B., by Veto, dam Laura Williams, 

by Glencoe. 

66. Buford & Visman's b c Count Fosco, by Endorser, dam Lida 

(Enquirer's dam), by Lexington. 

67. S. D. Bruce's ch c Gal way, by Concord, dam Maudina, by Aus- 

tralian. 



SPECIAL NOTICE 

FROM THE PUBLISHER. 



This work has been issued annually for three years. Its 
circulation has become so large, that the publisher pro- 
poses to issue early in 1874 a Guide to Saratoga, which 
shall far surpass in elegance and beauty, as well as in com- 
pleteness, not only the present edition, but every Guide 
book ever printed, offering it for sale at the lowest possible 
price. 

While many Guide books may be merely advertising 
mediums, that will not be the object and purpose of this 
work. 

For that reason we have not filled our advertising pages 
with advertisements of the hotels and springs, though we 
could easily have obtained them. Our edition for next 
year will be issued at great expense, and, in order to reduce 
the cost, we have decided to accept a very few advertise- 
ments from first-class parties at a reasonable price. Mr. 
Peter K. Deyo, of No. 7 Beekman street, New York, 
the well-known advertising agent, will have entire charge 
of this matter, and will be authorized to furnish those who 
request it, with the printer's certificate of circulation. As 
a mirror of Saratoga, and an elegant Treatise on its Min- 
eral Waters, each copy will be preserved, and read by 
many persons. 

Sold at various points of the country, on steamboats, 
railroads and newsstands, and, in Saratoga, by newsboys, 
and by dipper hoys at the springs, and wherever the Sara- 
toga waters go ; the extent of its circulation, and the fact 
that it will be read by people of wealth when most at 
leisure, will contribute to make " Saratoga Illustrated for 
1874" one of the finest opportunities for reaching fashion- 
able people. 



SARATOGA. 1 79 



Second Race — Purse 

For all ages ; to carry $100 lbs. ; mares and gelding allowed 3 
lbs. ; one and a half mile. 

Third Race — Purse $500. 

Selling race, for all ages ; one and a quarter miles ; horses en- 
tered to be sold for $2,000, to carry their appropriate weights; 
for $1,500, allowed 7 lbs. ; for $1,000, 12 lbs. ; the winner to be sold 
at auction. 



THIRD DAY -AUGUST 9. 



First Race — Siveepstalces for Two-year-olds. 

$100 entrance, h f, with $700 added; second horse to save his 
stake ; winners of $1,000, 5 lbs. ; of $1,500, 7 lbs. ; of $2,000, 10 lbs. 
extra ; three-quarters of a mile. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. Oden Bowie's b c Keene Richards, by War Dance, out of Ever- 

green, by Glencoe. 

2. August Belmont's ch c Botany Bay, by imp Australian, out of 

Bonnet. 

3. August Belmont's b f Countess, by Kentucky, out of Lady 

blessington. 

4. Geo. Ayer's ch c Erastus Corning, by Lightning, out of Nora 

Creina. 

5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s b f, by imp Leamington, dam by Arling- 

ton, out of Oakland's dam. 

6. D. McDaniel & Co.'s b c, by Asteroid, out of Sue Washington, 

by Revenue. 

7. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch f by imp Australian, out of Alabama, 

by Brown Dick. 

8. Jos. Donahue's ch c by Kentucky, out of Zaidee, by imp Bel- 

shazzar. 

9. John F. Chamberlin's b c Visigoth, by Asteroid, out of Van- 

dalia, by Vandal. 

10. John F. Chaniberlin's ch c Weathercock, by imp Australian, 

out of imp Weatherwitch (dam of Little Mack). 

11. Hunter & Travers' b c Equuleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 

12. Hunter & Travers' b f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of Gen. Duke's 

dam. 

13. Hunter & Travers' br f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 

14. Hunter & Travers' b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 

15. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jennie 

Rose. 

16. Hunter & Travers' b c King Pin, by Lexington, out of Eltham 

Lass. 

17. Hunter & Travers' ch f Gossip, by Censor, out of Genista. 

18. b\ Morris' b f Regardless, by Eclipse out of Barbarity. 

19. F. Morris' b c by Eclipse, out of Slasher-Barbarity mare. 

20. 1. \V. Pen nock's ch f, by Jack Malone out of Rebecca T. 

Price, by The Colonel. 



180 SARATOGA. 



21. John Coffee's br f, by Leamington, out of Jessamine Porter. 

22. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by Leamington, out of Long 

Nine, by Lightning. 

23. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b f Vandalite, by Vandal, out of Vesper 

Light. 

24. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s ch f Belle of Australia, by Australian, out 

of Woodford Belle. 

Second Race — Purse $500. 

For three-year-olds ; winners, this year, of any single race, 
amounting to $1,000, 10 lbs. extra. One and one-eighth miles. 

Third Race — Purse $800. 

For all ages ; two and three-quarter miles. 

FOURTH DAY -AUGUST 12. 



First Race— Purse $500. 

One mile, for all ages ; beaten maidens allowed 5 lbs. 

Second Race — Purse $600. 

One and three-quarter miles; a free handicap for all ages; 
horses to be entered immediately after the last race of the pre- 
vious day ; weights to be announced the succeeding day, at 10 a. m. 

Third Race — Hurdle Race. 

Two miles, over 8 hurdles; a free handicap for all ages; con- 
ditions as of previous race; $500 to the winner, $150 to the 
second, and $100 to the third horse. Total purse, $750. 



FIFTH DAY -AUGUST 14. 



First Race — Sweepstahes. 

For three-year-olds ; $100 entrance, h. f ., with $700 added ; the 
second horse to save his stake ; winners of $1,500, 5 lbs. ; of $2,000, 
7 lbs. ; of over $2,000, 10 lbs extra ; two miles. 

NOMINATIONS. 

1. Robert Dixon & Son's ch c Harry Todd, by Planet, out of Elk- 

horna, by Lexington. 

2. M. H. Sanford's ch g Milton, by Planet, out of Mildred. 

3. M. H. Sanford's b f Bay Rose, by Lexington, out of Bay Leaf. 

4. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by imp Leamington, out of imp 

Wombat, by West Australian. 

5. John F. Chamberlin's ch c Lord Jersey, by War Dance, dam 

by imp Glencoe. 



SARATOGA. 181 



6. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian, out of JSrolite. 

7. Hunter &Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, out of Jenny Rose. 

8. Hunter & Travers' blk c Strachino, by Parmesan, out of May 

Bell. 

9. John O'Donnell's b c, by Lightning, dam by Glencoe, out of 

Laura Webster. 

10. I. W. Pennock's ch f, by Jack Maloneout of Vesper Light, by 

Childe Harold. 

11. John Coffee's gr c, by Lightning out of Jessamine Porter. 

12. J. A. Grinstead's ch f, by Lightning, out of Tokay, by York- 

shire. 

13. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Crockford, by Lightning, out of Mishap, 

by imp Knight of St. George. 

14. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b c Joe Johnston, by Hunter's Lexington, 

dam by Oliver. 

Second Race— Purse $500. 

One mile; a free handicap for two-year-olds ; conditions as of 
the second race on the fourth day. 

Third Race— Purse $600. 

One and a half miles ; a free handicap for all ages ; conditions 
as of previous race. 



SIXTH DAY -AUGUST 16. 



First Race— Purse $500. 

One and one-eighth miles ; a free handicap for all ages ; con- 
ditions as of previous handicaps. 

Second Race— Purse $3,000. 

Four-mile heats, for all ages ; entrance $50 ; $2,500 to the win- 
ner, $500 to the second horse, and the entrance money to the 
third horse. 

Third Race— Purse $500. 

One and three-quarter .miles, for all ages ; horses beaten once 
at this meeting, allowed 7 lbs. ; twice, 14 lbs. ; three times, 21 lbs. ; 
winners at either meeting excluded. 

Entrance to steeplechases and hurdle races, free ; for other 
purses (except four mile heats) 5 per ct. to go to the second horse. 

Six-year-olds and upward will hereafter carry 114 lbs., the 
same as five-year-olds. 

Races will commence promptly at 12 o'clock each day, con- 
cluding in time for hotel dinners and the afternoon trains for all 
points. 

Perfect order will, as usual, be preserved, and no disreputable 
person will be admitted to the grounds or stands. 

^W. R. TRAVERS, Pres't. 

C. WHEATLY, Sec'y. 



SARATOGA BOOK STORE, 



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lutein til tttHQter, 

80 and 82 BROADWAY, 

First Door North, of Congress Hall, 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



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Gold Pens and Pencil Cases, Stereoscopic Views, in great variety; 
Glass Paper Weights, containing Views of Hotels, Springs, &c. 

ALL OF THE POPULAR BOOKS OF THE DAY FOR SALE. 



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AND BOOK STOBE, 

IsTo. 130 BEOAD "W-A.'Z', 

(Opposite U. S. Hotel.) 

Has a fine assortment of Fine Stationery and Latest PuDlications. 

ALSO all kinds of 

Newspapers, Periodicals and Stereoscopic Views, 

AT THE LOWEST PRICE. 



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AND DEALER IN 

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A Perfect Fit Guaranteed, equal to the Finest 
City Trade. 

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ELEGANT 

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BY 



B. F. JUD80N. Mister. D. F. RITCHIE, Editor. 



"Tit SARATOGIAN," 

DAILY AND WEEKLY, 

Office in St. Nicholas Building, 

Corner Broadway and Phila Street, 

SARATOGA 8PRSN@8, HO. V. 

The Saiiatogian is one of the best Advertising Me- 
diums in this section, as it has a circulation more than 
double that of all the Republican press of Saratoga 
County combined. 

The facilities of the Saratogian Office for the prompt 
execution of 

First Class Job Work, 

are equal to those of any in the city, and all work is 
done at reasonable figures. 



PM@PMM f M MEM 8T. 

FOR NEW YORK. 

St John, Drew, Dean Richmond. 



One of tnese STEAM PALACES will leave Albany every evening 
(Sundays excepted), on arrival of the evening trains on the Rensselaer 
and Saratoga, New York Central and Albany and Susquehanna Railroads. 

!^° Hudson River Railroad Tickets good for State Room Passage. 

BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH. 

.Tickets to Newark, New Brunswick, Trenton, Burlington, Philadelphia, 
Wilmington, Baltimore and Washington City, for sale on the Boats, and 
BAGGAGE checked to destination. 

JOHN C. HEWITT, 

General Ticket Agent. 



Br, EOBEfil H&Kl&lOTi 

MEDICAL INSTITUTE, 

FOR THE TREATMENT OF 

FEMALE, LUNG AND CHRONIC DISEASES, 



Consultation Office: Broadway, opposite Congress Spring. 



TASTELESS MEDICINES. 



Of the many methods devised to overcome the nauseous taste 
of some medicines, such as Tar, Turpentine, Extract Male 
Fern, and even of Castor and Cod-Liver Oils, none have as yet 
equaled that of Capsules, they having numerous advantages 
over all other forms, and the Capsules having the most advan- 
tages are those made by Dundas, Dick & Co., of this city-^ 
being superior to any other made in America, and, also, to 
those imported from Europe ; and, when quality and the late 
reduction (about 20 per cent.) are taken into account, we may 
safely say they are the cheapest made. They are easily swallowed, 
even by children ; being soft, contain genuine medicines, and 
may always be relied on ; are not objectionable in any way . and 
are put up in an elegant and pleasing manner, and expressly for 
the prescription trade. Under these circumstances, we are not 
surprised to learn that they are now the only ones ordered by 
physicians, and that the great success of this Company has no 
precedent in tbe Capsules manufacture. — New York Druggists 1 
Price- Current, Dec. 14, 1870. 

DICK'S SOFT CAPSULES solve the problem long and 
anxiously considered by many of our most eminent physicians, 
of how to avoid for the patient the nausea and disgust expe- 
rienced in swallowing, which are well known too often to detract 
from, if not destroy, the beneficial effects of some of the most 
valuable remedies prescribed. 

The Soft Capsules are handscmely put up in tin-foil and neat 
boxes, containing 30 each. Every box contains plain and con- 
cise directions for those taking the contents, without the advice 
of a physician, and can be had at every respectable drug store 
in the United States 



Thes: were the only Capsules admitted to the last Paris Exposition. 



GENERAL AGENCY, 

110 Reade Street, New York. 



CITIZEN'S LINE STEAMBOATS. 



TROY & NEW YORK. 



1873. fk^2^fe££N^ 1873, 



THE ELEGANT, LIGHT-DRAFT STEAMERS. 



SUNNYSIDE, 

Capt. FRANK TESON. 



THOMAS POWELL, 

Capt. T. D. ABRAMS. 



LEAVE TROY DAILY, 

(Saturdays excepted,) at 6 o'clock, p. m., arriving in New 

York in ample time to connect with morning trains 

for all points South and West. 

FARE FROM SARATOGA TO NEW YORK, 

"Via this Line, 

ONLY $2.75, 

Through Tickets Sold, and Baggage Checked Through from E. & S. E. E. 
Depot, Saratoga. 

Passengers leaving Saratoga at 3.15 p. m., connect with this 

Line, thus affording a fine view of the Hudson 

River, before dark. 

:e>:l.:e.a.s:e notice. 
SUNDAY EVENING BOAT ! 

From Albany and Troy, Steamer "SUNNYSIDE," 
connecting with train leaving Saratoga at 4 p. m. 

G. W. HORTON, Gen'l Agent, 
Troy, June 25, 1873. TROY, N. Y. 



THE SCIENCE OF HEALTH. 



If you would be well and strong, study the laws of Life and 
Health by reading the "SCIENCE OF HEALTH," the best 
health journal published — not the organ of any business or in- 
stitution, but an independent, earnest educator of the people 
in all that pertains to the preservation and regaining of health. 

As The Science of Health has been sustained beyond 
expectation during its first year, we are prepared with additional 
facilities for making the next volume respond still more fully 
to the popular demand for an independent Health Monthly. 
Ample arrangements have been made to render each depart- 
ment a welcome and instructive visitant to the reader. 
TERMS ONLY $2.00 .A. YB^R. 



The Phrenological Journal. 

This Magazine has been before the public so long and has 
become so well-known, that the Publisher hardly feels called 
upon to more than announce a new volume, the 57th. Its name 
has become a household word. It will, as heretofore, contain 
all that is new on Phrenology, or the Brain and its Functions ; 
Ethnology, or the Natural History of Man ; Physiognomy, 
or the Signs of Character exhibited in the Human Face and 
Form ; Psychology, or the Science of the Soul ; Sociology, 
or Man in his Private and Public Relations ; Histoky and 
Biography, or Man in the Past and in the Present. 

TERMS $3.00 J± YE^R; 

Clubbed with "The Science of Health," a year for $4.50. 
Agents Wanted. Address 

S. R. WELLS, Publisher, 

389 BROADWAY, New York. 



JOHN TOOIST, 



DEALER IN 



a 



HOSIERY, CLOVES, 

Men's Furnishing Goods, 

FINE CUTLERY, 
No. 1 CONGRESS HALL BLOCK, 

Directly opposite Congress Spi - ing Park. 

S^IR,.A.TOGr^. 

KIID OJL.OVIES -A. SPECIALTY. 



ALIj KINDS OF INSURANCES EFFECTED AT 
THE LOWEST RATES. 



WILLIAM SEARING, BEEKMAN H ; SEARING- 

Attorney-at-Law. Notary Public. 

Wl. M SEARING | SON, 

REAL ESTATE BROKERS 

Insurance and Collecting Agents, 
178 <& 180 BBOADWAY, AINSWOETH PLACE, 

[(ROOMS 12 and 13,); 

SARATOGA SPRINGS. 

Buy, Sell, Rent and Exchange Furnisned Coitages, Stores, Dwelling 

Houses, Offices, Country Residences, City and Suburban Lots, 

Farms, Shops, Mills, Factories, Steam and Water Powers. 

Bonds, Mortgages ana otner Securities, Bougnt and Sold. 

LOANS IVEGrOTIATED. 

COLLECT RENTS, NOTES, ACCOUNTS AND EVIDENCES OF DEBT. 

Conveyancing, Searching and Examining Titles 
made a specialty. 

PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO MAKING COLLECTIONS. 

PERFECT SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TO ALL PARTIES. 

By promptness, industry and fair dealing, we aim to merit the 
confidence and give satisfaction to those who may entrust their 
business to our charge. 

Respectfully, 

WM. M. SEAEING- & SON. 
%W~ Only First Class Companies Represented. 



F. V. HEWITT 



DEALER IK 



FLOUR, FINE GROCERIES 

PROVISIONS, CANNED FRUITS, &c, 
No. 172 BEOADWAY, 

(Ainsworth Place.) 
SABATOG-A SPEIUG-S, UST. IT. 



Goods delivered in any part of the Village, free 
of charge. 



S. A. RICKARD, 

DEALER IN 

Wall Paper, WMow State, Pictures, 

STATIONERY AND FANCY ARTICLES. 

MANUFACTURER OF 

A.LL KINDS OF PICTURE FRAMES, 

No. 179 Broadway (Trim's Block), 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 






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